To ensure the effective use of the cellar, it is necessary to build proper ventilation in it. A well-installed ventilation system will help normalize air exchange, relieve excess moisture and make the room suitable for food storage and conservation. We will consider how to make ventilation in the cellar further.

Basic requirements for carrying out work on the arrangement of ventilation of the cellar

Most private houses are equipped with a basement. This room provides its owners with additional usable area, which is often used as a pantry, sauna, working room, office, gym or rest room. The most common option is to use the basement as a cellar - a place to store food. At the same time, you do not need to go outside to get the necessary products in the cold winter time.

In order for the cellar to function correctly, certain requirements must be met during its arrangement, namely:

1. Lack of light.

The absence of windows in the cellar is mandatory, and the inclusion of electric lighting should be periodic, only during the presence of people in it.

2. Defined temperature regime.

For cellar equipment, basements are used, which must have contact with one of external walls building.

3. The presence of fresh, clean air.

This condition will help organize a properly installed cellar ventilation system.

4. Air humidity.

The cellar should have a humidity of about ninety percent, this factor depends on properly organized ventilation.

The most important condition for the proper functioning of the cellar is the presence ventilation system. Properly organized ventilation creates an atmosphere that will help to store food in the cellar for a long time. Lack of ventilation increases humidity, mold and mildew, and food spoilage. Excessive ventilation will cause fruits and vegetables to dry out due to strong drafts. Therefore, the ventilation equipment must be correct so that there are optimal conditions for food storage.

To organize the correct ventilation system, two air ducts are required. The first is for supply air, and the second is for exhaust. It is allowed to use pipes made of asbestos, PVC or galvanized steel of a certain diameter as a material for the equipment of air ducts. The calculation of the required diameter is made on the basis of the ratio that one square meter requires 25 centimeters square from overall size pipes.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the basic requirements for installing the main components of the exhaust system:

1. Exhaust pipe. Helps to remove stale air from the room. Its installation is carried out in one of the corners of the cellar, while its lower part is located in the uppermost part of the room. The passage of the air duct through all rooms is vertical, and then it rises above the ridge part by half a meter. To reduce the amount of condensate masses in the inside of the pipe, the duct needs to be insulated. This procedure will help prevent the formation of frost in winter time of the year. To carry out insulation work, you will need another pipe of a larger diameter and mineral wool. The first pipe is placed in the second, and the space between them is filled with insulation.

2. The supply pipe provides the cellar with fresh outdoor air. The installation of the pipe is carried out in the corner, which is opposite the exhaust type pipe. Location height open end pipes from the floor is half a meter. This pipe passes through the floor sections and rises thirty centimeters from the floor.

Tip: To prevent rodents or other insects from entering the cellar, it is recommended to install a fine mesh on the upper section of the supply pipe.

Air moves through the ventilation ducts due to the difference in specific gravity warm and cold air masses. If the temperature difference is too large, drafts occur, and if the temperature difference is too small, air stagnation occurs. Therefore, it is required to install special valves that regulate the air flow on the supply and exhaust pipes.

To check the correct operation of the ventilation system, take a thin sheet of paper and attach it to the opening of the ventilation pipe. If the sheet sways slightly, then the system is working properly. Another test option is to install a tank with hot coals in it in the basement. If the smoke exits through the exhaust pipe, the system is working.

Tip: To improve airflow, try adjusting pre-installed dampers. To increase draft - increase the size of the exhaust pipe. If ventilation does not work when performing these steps, set the combined type of ventilation.

To install this type of ventilation, care should be taken to install a fan in the duct responsible for removing air from the room, the power of which does not exceed 100 W. This procedure will ensure that fresh air.

Features of arranging the natural ventilation of the cellar in the house

Natural ventilation is a supply and exhaust system that provides ventilation of fresh air and the removal of stale air. This system requires the presence of mines, which are organized in the form of two pipes:

• supply destination;
• exhaust destination.

Installation of these pipes takes place on opposite sides of the cellar walls. It is recommended to observe the largest distance between the pipes. The supply shaft is installed in the lower part of the wall, and the exhaust shaft in its upper part.

This arrangement of pipes is explained by a physical phenomenon, which indicates that warm air located on top, as it is lighter, and cold - from below. Therefore, fresh air, getting from the supply pipe, heats up and rises, where it is removed with the help of an exhaust shaft.

In winter, the cold air is even heavier, so ventilation is faster. This is due to the increase in air exchange in the cold season. When setting up the system natural ventilation this arrangement of shafts in the opposite direction is mandatory. At the same time, the most best material asbestos acts for the pipe. To create rarefied air, a reflector is attached to the pipe, which also improves ventilation. When arranging a basement, which is located in a region with warm climate, this system will not work. In this case, the installation of combined ventilation systems is recommended.

Do-it-yourself combined ventilation in the cellar

This ventilation system is universal and suitable for rooms with any microclimate. It can work in both warm and cold weather. Its installation involves the installation of two shafts, the same as in the previous system:

• supply;
• exhaust.

The main difference between this system and the previous version is the temperature difference, which is formed when a small exhaust fan is installed on the air pipe. In this case, the air exchange increases and ventilation works in any conditions.

The cost of such fans is affordable, and the power consumption is minimal. The efficiency of its work exceeds the cost of its purchase, so in basement with a combined ventilation system, there is a healthy microclimate that contributes to year-round preservation of products.

Features of installing cellar ventilation in the garage

Owners who have an individual garage often equip a cellar in it, since with a small investment, a fairly spacious room for storing products and conservation is obtained.

Considerable attention should be paid to the arrangement of the ventilation system of the cellar in the garage, since not only products, but also the car will suffer from its incorrect installation. High humidity will cause corrosion and damage to all tools that are in the garage.

There are two types of cellar ventilation in the garage:

1. Natural ventilation system - air removal according to the principle of heat exchange. Air exchange occurs due to the fact that warm air rises to the top, and cold air is located below.

2. System forced ventilation- installation of superchargers mechanical type which help in the organization of air exchange. This system is more efficient, although it needs additional financial investments.

Installation of a natural ventilation system is carried out by installing two pipes for air intake and supply. To avoid the appearance of zones with stagnation of air, the pipes are located in opposite corners of the room.

There are two ways to install exhaust pipes:

• through - the passage of the pipe through the entire garage and its roof;
• wall-mounted - the pipe passes through the inside of the wall and is brought out.

The length of the pipe should be of such a size that its upper part is 50-100 cm higher than the roof of the garage. The minimum length of the exhaust pipe is 250-300 cm. To enhance ventilation, it is recommended to install a deflector on the upper part of the pipe, which increases the intensity of the movement of air masses. In addition, the deflector will prevent dust and dirt from entering the cellar.

The most efficient deflector is twice the diameter of the pipe. In order to save money, it is possible to independently manufacture a deflector from a tin bucket or plastic.

Installation of the supply pipe implies its location half a meter above the floor and half a meter from its upper cut and ground level. A grate is installed on the upper cut, with an average or small section of cells.

To calculate the diameter of the pipes, you need to know the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. For example, in a cellar with an area of ​​15 square meters, it is necessary to install a ventilation pipe with a diameter of 22.5 cm. Since the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone square meter requires 1.5 cm of pipe diameter.

Purchase option available plastic pipes, since they are cheaper than asbestos, and also have a light weight resistant to moisture, frost and mechanical damage.

Air ducts made of tin are the most irrational, although their cost is quite low, they are completely unstable against mechanical damage.

The presence of dampers will help to control ventilation. The shutters are both purchased and made by hand. The only requirement for dampers is that their size must completely cover the duct. It is recommended to close the air ducts in severe frosts to avoid freezing of food.

When installing forced-type ventilation, you need to take into account the rules of electrical safety. Connecting the hood should be carried out only with special skills. Otherwise, it is better to entrust this process to professionals.

A prerequisite correct operation fan is the presence of waterproofing of all wiring. Since due to the formation of condensate, it will quickly fail.

1. To ensure high-quality ventilation, the following equipment will be required:

• grinder - will help to make air ducts;
• hammer - for knocking out walls;
• perforator - for drilling;
• solution - for sealing cracks after installing pipes.

2. If unpleasant odors, mold, fungus appear in the cellar - exhaust system does not work correctly.

3. If the humidity in the cellar is too low, it is recommended to install a box with wet sawdust or wet sand in it.

4. If the humidity in the cellar is too high, it is necessary to carefully ventilate the room. In autumn, it is better to open all the latches and doors in the basement in order to avoid the accumulation of dampness in it.

6. If the main purpose of the cellar is the preservation of wine in it, it should be provided automated system climate control. To do this, you need to purchase special equipment that will regulate the humidity and temperature conditions of the room.

7. When installing split systems in the cellar, it is recommended to resort to the help of specialists who will help you make calculations and compare the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room with the power of the devices necessary to create a comfortable microclimate.

8. Another way to determine the correct installation of ventilation in the cellar is a lit match, the quality of ventilation depends on how quickly it goes out.

9. Factors on which the quality of natural ventilation of the cellar depends:

• earth entrance;
• the material from which the basement floor is made;
• basement ceiling;
• the presence of a visor on the roof.

10. Use duct fan with low performance, it is connected to asynchronous motors two types:

• synchronous,
• amplitude.

More high efficiency has the second option, although its cost is slightly higher than that of the synchronous one.

11. In addition to ensuring proper ventilation, the basement requires proper waterproofing and thermal insulation works. Even at the stage of construction of the cellar, it is necessary to provide for the impregnation of the floor with penetrating materials and insulation mineral wool. These works will help to make the microclimate of the cellar favorable for food storage and conservation.

For cellar or cellar, no matter in country house or garage, the availability of a complete and effective ventilation just as important as proper waterproofing or correct location entry and exit to the premises. Otherwise, you will have to regularly suffer with the access hatch and valves on ventilation holes, every time with your own hands to expose optimal position grilles to prevent condensation and temperature fluctuations in the cellar.

What type of ventilation is more efficient

There are certain differences in the organization of ventilation and air exchange in the basement and in the cellar. This is due to the fact that when ventilating the cellar, a number of factors are required to ensure high quality food storage:

• Strictly defined temperature range, with different products requiring little different conditions storage, even in one cellar atmosphere;
• Humidity or concentration of water vapor in various places cellars should also be different, with normal level ventilation;
• The composition of the atmosphere in the cellar should be optimal for storing vegetables, even if it is not quite optimal for comfortable breathing.

Attention! Ventilation should not excessively increase the ventilation of the basement.

The air duct system can rather be called a large-sized preservation tool.

Thus, proper ventilation in the cellar is designed to provide a microclimate in the room.

Features of the organization and arrangement of ventilation in the cellar

There are certain differences between the storage conditions for home preservation in sealed glass jars and the storage of vegetables and fruits. Most often, all winter stocks are stored in one cellar in almost same conditions ventilation, and this is wrong. For jars of jam and salads, the driest and coldest atmosphere is sufficient. Vegetables and fruits need to control humidity, oxygen content and carbon dioxide. The minimum cellar depth is at least 150 mm, the value largely depends on the level of occurrence ground water and the amount of soil freezing.

For middle lane For Russia, this is quite enough for the existing temperature difference to be enough for ventilation. Problems with the operation of a natural inflow may arise in summer period, in the hottest months the temperature in the basement can rise to 12-15 ° C, which leads to a stop in ventilation and even a change in the direction of air in the cellar ducts.

Cellar ventilation in hot weather is no less important than during the storage of vegetables and fruits. It is in summer and autumn that the bulk of the microflora and bacteria accumulate in the cellars, causing damage and rotting of the fruit, only proper ventilation stops such processes. In addition, if the cellar is located in an unfavorable geological zone, radon gas can accumulate in it, which eats well into the smallest pores and cavities; powerful ventilation of the cellar is needed to remove it.

During this period, the cellar premises are freed from all supplies, the walls and ceiling are sanitized with lime and disinfectant mixtures, they are intensively dried from the remnants of condensate and moisture, creating drafts with maximum air pressure in the ventilation. In this case, the ventilation should work on full power- all hatches and latches open, entrance doors are closed with one steel mesh.

How to arrange ventilation in the cellar

To arrange supply and exhaust ventilation, you can use the effect of natural draft in the pipe during temperature changes or use various types of blowers with a system of bypass valves. Most often, ventilation in the cellar has to be done by hand, so you usually want to make the design as simple and reliable as possible. But for a large room, the amount of air flowing into the ventilation may not be enough, in which case condensation will form on the ceiling in the form of a thin wet film. You will have to install a forced type of ventilation with fan air injection.

Proper ventilation the cellar creates an atmosphere that does not meet the standards adopted for residential premises. The amount of carbon dioxide in such an air environment is several times higher, oxygen is less by 2-3% of the sanitary standards. This inhibits the development of pathogenic flora and creates favorable conditions for breathing root crops and fruits. Staying in such an atmosphere for more than 15-20 minutes is not recommended. All basic work in the cellar must be carried out before laying the products for storage, or organize forced intensive air blowing for one hour before starting work.

Pros and cons of natural cellar ventilation

The natural flow of air into the cellar can be quite simply provided with the help of one or more pipes installed according to a specific pattern. How successful will simple design ventilation, depends, first of all, on the accuracy of their positioning, the diameter of the air channels.

The principle of operation of ventilation is based on the draft effect - the rise of warmer air in the air duct of a lower temperature.

The rules for building ventilation in the cellar should contain a few simple conditions:

1. For the successful operation of natural ventilation, a temperature difference in the cellar and outside is at least 7-10 ° C or a wind speed of at least 1.5 m / s. That is, the cellar will be blown most effectively during windy weather or after the “outboard” temperature drops to at least -7 ° C. This may be the period of October-November, until this moment, from September to mid-October, intensively in the cellar moisture and respiration products of crops accumulate, which are practically not removed from the atmosphere of the cellar;
2. The cut of the "exhaust" pipe is raised at least one and a half meters above the roof of a building or cellar. Ideally, the height difference between the external air intake and the highest point of discharge should be at least three meters. How colder basement, the worse it is ventilated, the more condensation will fall on the walls and objects;
3. The outlet pipe should ideally be made without additional "pockets" and "knees". It is from her ability to raise and disperse the air in an even and smooth channel that the ventilation performance in the cellar depends.

Advice! After 3 meters of outlet duct height, each additional meter increases the capacity by 10%.

The point of intake of "hot" air in the natural ventilation of the cellar is made in the form of a single pipe, the window itself is located at the highest point in the room. Often, air enters the channel not through the end hole, but through side windows in the walls of the pipe. At the end of the duct, you can put your own hands on a collector for condensate, rain and products of melting ice and snow.

Advice! Try to make free space around the windows ventilation pipes, later it will come in handy when you have to clean the air channels from dirt and debris with your own hands.

At the upper end, various vane rotary pipes are sometimes placed, designed to turn the exit downwind, which, according to the intention of the manufacturers, should increase traction and protect the channel from rain and snow. It would be much more useful to install with your own hands a device to scare away birds and mice that managed to climb into a warm ventilation pipe in the cold and clog it. Getting a dead bird or animal with your own hands is not always as simple and easy as it might seem.

What is most important in the structure of the natural way to ventilate the basement:

1. The supply of cold air in the volume of the cellar is always removed from the outlet channels to the maximum distance, the outlet window for cold air is lowered to the floor itself. This zone is the most tolerant of low temperatures and water condensate vegetables. In this part of the cellar, carrots, cabbage, potatoes and beets are well stored;
2. It is very important to choose and make the right location for the outdoor air intake pipe. The optimal point is at a height of 40-50 cm, the direction and orientation of the entrance do not matter. The so-called straighteners, designed to improve the air intake process, are often clogged with dirt and become unnecessary resistance to the air flow. A mandatory attribute of the inlet is a large-mesh steel mesh.

The main advantage of natural ventilation is its simplicity and reliability. Its effectiveness is debatable. One thing is known from practice - such a device is suitable for use in ventilation in the cellar under the house, due to the large storage room, high "exhaust" pipe and good ceiling and wall thermal insulation. Another plus is that it is easy to do it yourself.

How to make forced ventilation of the cellar with your own hands

Unlike natural ways ventilation, it is much more difficult to make forced ventilation in the cellar with your own hands, but only because in most cases you have to redo and modernize the existing one.

We assemble the duct system with our own hands

In fact, forced ventilation is no different from natural ventilation. The main difference will be the installation of special air intake channels in the ceiling zone of the basement. The point of the idea is that warm air is taken not in a specific corner or point on the ceiling, but in five or six places evenly distributed in the upper part of the basement.

Similar air ducts can be easily made with your own hands from plastic sewer pipe. For 10 cubic meters, a pipe of 50-70 mm will be enough; for 20 cubic meters, plastic with a diameter of 100 mm will be required. Such a network of air ducts is made in a “donut” around the perimeter of the ceiling; windows with removable covers are made at the air intake points in the pipes. They are easy to remove and install with your own hands, thereby adjusting the most optimal air intake scheme. Both branches of the ventilation ducts are connected on the intake manifold of an axial or centrifugal fan.

The air collected through the channels is ejected by the fan into the exhaust pipe. In some schemes, the ventilation system is equipped with a special bypass valve. With it, the artificial air circulation system can operate in natural ventilation mode.

Features of ventilation with forced air circulation

This type of ventilation is able to provide a precisely metered amount of outside air. And this is the main advantage of the possibilities of such a ventilation scheme. For example, in the summer, after whitewashing the walls with lime, forced ventilation into the cellar of warm air will dry the room ten times faster than if the fight against moisture occurred naturally.

In winter, thanks to the correct regulation of the points of extraction of warm air and the performance of the fan, it is possible to correctly distribute the movement of cold outside air over the volume of the cellar and thereby protect thermophilic crops from freezing.

Advice! A good way to control an electric fan is a programmable automatic power supply to the motor.

In this way, you can get a low temperature in the cellar even in September, if you set the fan on timer for the cold night hours.

Conclusion

The forced cellar ventilation method has one significant drawback - the fan electric motor requires a round-the-clock connection to a power source, which is not always safe. Sometimes homemade cellars simply do not have the opportunity to receive power, so they have to be content with only a natural ventilation scheme.

Not a single basement can be limited without a ventilation system apparatus, since if there is a shortage of a constant supply of cool air, dampness cannot be excluded. In basements and cellars, as a rule, not only canned food is stored, but also fresh vegetables and fruits that "breathe", from which humidity will certainly accumulate in the room. In addition to this problem, the walls can absorb moisture from the earth located at the outer edge if the waterproofing of the base of the house and the basement was poorly organized during construction.

• The hood vent rises above the ridge for superior traction or embankments above the ceiling of the cellar, at least 1500 millimeters.
• For good ventilation, plastic pipes are often used only. appointed for the purpose of sewerage. For not very large rooms of a similar diameter, as a rule, it is enough.
• If the basement is located in front of a car garage or in front of another home place, in this case as an exhaust opening, it is allowed to operate the entrance opening.

In this case, 2 doors are made, one insulated - winter, and the second - in the frame version, with a small mesh attached to it. The fence is needed so that small rodents do not get into the cellar.

The insulated opening is removed in the summer in order to continuously ventilate the cellar. If the room above the basement is insulated, in this case it is allowed to carry out ventilation sessions in the winter period.

Version - cellar in the basement under the house

Supply pipe narrowed by a grate

• It is recommended to install dampers in these two pipes that stabilize the flow and decrease of air, which is especially needed in the winter phase. They can help to measure the arrival of cool air in extreme cold and therefore the loss of warm air to reinforce the required local climate in the cellar.

Umbrella for exhaust pipe head

If the pipe heads are placed exactly in a vertical position, they should be protected from precipitation, dust and debris from getting inside by placing a metal umbrella or a ventilation deflector on top.

natural ventilation based on the difference in pressure and temperature indoors and outdoors. Effective work largely depends on the correct location of the pipes. So, the air inlet must be at the top at a maximum of 250: 300 millimeters from the floor, and the exhaust - below the degree of the ceiling by 100: 200 millimeters.

It is unacceptable to place it lower so far, otherwise the ceiling will start to get wet.

This method of ventilation can be undoubtedly small for a large cellar room, or if it consists of many rooms.

IN forced ventilation method there are always the same channels (pipes), however, fans are installed in them to form forced air movement.

In the lightest forced-type modes, the cooler is brought to exhaust channel. In a similar way, artificial milling is formed in the room, which contributes to the initiative flow of cool air into the basement through the supply passage. The performance of the selected propeller will depend on the size of the room.

They act differently - they put fans on both the supply and exhaust paths. This happens significantly in voluminous, complex basement rooms. Here you will certainly need the support of a professional in order to calculate the coherence of the inflow and outflow of the atmosphere, that is, the diameters of the channels and the power (performance) of the fans installed in them.

For each type of ventilation, be sure to correctly make your choice with pipe diameters. The calculation methods used by high-class designers are very difficult, and it is practically of no importance to give them in their entirety. However, when installing ventilation in a small private cellar, it is allowed to use a simple calculation methodology.

So, with certain assumptions applicable in the information criteria, it is allowed to assume that for the purposes of the 1st square meter the cellar section requires 26 square cm of the ventilation duct section. So, for a sample, you can estimate what pipe diameter will be needed for a cellar on a scale of 3, multiply 2 meters.

Finding the area of ​​the room:

S = 3 by 2 and = 6 square meters

According to the confirmed compliance, it will need a pipe of the following size:

T \u003d 6 times 26 \u003d 156 square centimeters

It remains to find this radius of the pipe:

R = root (T divided by PI) = root (156 divided by 3.14) will be approximately 7.05 cm

So, the diameter of the supply pipe:

The diameter will be approximately 14 cm = 140 millimeters.

If only the supply air is introduced in the basement, and the hole will play the role of the exhaust, in this case it is allowed to slightly increase the profile of the inlet channel by defining a pipe with a diameter of 150 millimeters.

To guarantee air exchange, it is customary to install a pipe with a diameter on the exhaust duct, 10, we expect 15% more than at the inlet.

Dv \u003d Dn add 15% \u003d 140 add 21 and it will be approximately 160 millimeters.

Ventilation installation

After spending necessary calculations, taking into account all the above nuances, it is allowed to proceed to the installation of ventilation.

Approximate location of supply and exhaust pipes.

The supply pipe is permanently placed below.

• In another corner of the cellar, a passage is made in the ceiling or in the wall, and a supply pipe is inserted into it and fixed, which is lowered down to the floor. It must be placed no lower than 200 millimeters from the floor and no more than 500 millimeters;
• On the street, the supply pipe does not need to be placed high. If it exits through the ceiling, raise it sufficiently by 200-250 millimeters. It must be taken into account that the pressure difference at the inlet and outlet is much more powerful and has sufficient pressure, and therefore the entry of the atmosphere into the cellar;
• If the supply pipe is introduced through a wall, then a fan enclosure or a plastic reflector is put into it.

Possible location of the supply pipe.

The dream of every gardener is to have a dry and spacious one, the air in it should be fresh, but without drafts. In order to build such a miracle storage with your own hands, you need to provide it supply and exhaust ventilation. Competent ventilation The cellar will allow you to maintain the optimal temperature and humidity conditions for storing vegetables in it, save it from excessive dampness and protect it from the appearance of mold. Knowing the basic rules for natural ventilation, you can make the cellar dry on your own.

Natural ventilation - the right device:

• to ensure good ventilation, 2 pipes are installed: supply and exhaust;
• air exchange will be better if the ventilation pipes are located at two levels and, if the design of the storage facility allows, in different places, which will avoid sucking in fresh air;
• the exhaust ventilation pipe is placed at the top - under the very ceiling;
• the cellar ventilation supply pipe, on the contrary, at the bottom at a height of 50-60 cm from the floor;
• the figures below show the correct and incorrect cellar exhaust device;

• using more ventilation pipes with a smaller cross section is undesirable, which is especially important for the northern regions;
• with such a cellar ventilation device, air exchange occurs due to the difference specific gravity warm indoor air and cold outdoor air. This natural process therefore, the ventilation of the cellar according to this scheme is called natural;
• the exhaust pipe must be brought out above the roof ridge and insulated (it is made double) in the place where it passes through the cellar or attic. The draft in the exhaust ventilation pipe is the greater, the higher it is;
• the cross section of the ventilation pipes depends on the size of the cellar. So, with a cellar area of ​​\u200b\u200b6-8 square meters. m exhaust requirement is made with a section of 120x120 mm, but if the cellar is equipped with only one pipe, then its section should be at least 150x150 mm;
• for the manufacture of ventilation pipes, boards with a thickness of 30-40 mm are used. They are well adjusted, tightly knocked together and supplied with valves (latches) and dampers that will allow you to regulate air exchange and temperature and humidity conditions;

• if the cellar is small, then one two-channel pipe with wind trapping is enough to ventilate it (see figure). With this design, the pipe has two - one for air flow into the cellar, the other for exhaust. Each channel can be equipped with an independent valve;

• ventilation of some types of cellars (for example, if it is located under a garage) can be equipped through a hatch closed with a grate. From above, the grate is insulated with an old blanket or other insulation;
• check effective work ventilation, you can attach sheets of thin paper to the outlets of the pipes. If there is convection, then the paper will begin to sway;
• The second way to check if the ventilation of the cellar is working is to put a bucket of hot coals in it. By the movement of smoke from the coals, one can observe the air currents inside the vegetable store;
• lack of ventilation is easy to detect by the following signs: stale and musty air; mold; feeling of dampness; condensation on the ceiling, bins, walls, racks;
• to reduce humidity, the cellar must be ventilated. For this internal doors they make them latticed and in the fall they open everything that can be opened - hatches, doors, latches. At the same time, a box filled with large grains is brought into the cellar. table salt or quicklime(they not only absorb moisture, but also disinfect the air);

• if, on the contrary, it is necessary to increase the humidity in the cellar built by oneself, then you can sprinkle water, sprinkle the floor in the cellar with wet sawdust, or put a box filled with wet sawdust.

When the cellar is in the garage

The ventilation of the cellar in the garage is important not only to maintain the temperature and humidity necessary to ensure the safety of food, but also to keep the garage damp. Cellar hood options in the garage:

1. natural - based on the temperature difference between the outside and inside the basement, causing continuous air circulation. The natural ventilation of the cellar in the garage is the most cheap option hoods.
2. forced (artificial) - the air flow is forced by fans. Fully mechanized ventilation of the basement under the garage using a monoblock or modular system controlled by software, costs from 1000 US dollars;
3. combined - includes elements of natural and forced ventilation of the cellar.

Natural ventilation -

as in the case of a cellar in a house, in most cases natural ventilation is used for the ventilation of a cellar in a garage, the performance of which is quite sufficient for small volumes of a vegetable store. The scheme of natural ventilation of the cellar in the garage also provides for at least two pipes made of resistant materials. Most suitable material for ventilation pipes - metal or plastic, such as PVC. Below is a ventilation diagram: on the left - standard scheme; on the right - a diagram of the cellar ventilation device in the garage, which provides ventilation for the garage itself.

As can be seen from the diagrams, proper ventilation of the cellar in the garage includes:

• supply and exhaust located in different sides premises. The best placement is in the far opposite corners;
• ventilation pipes must have one cross-sectional diameter along the entire length;
• the fewer bends and turns in the supply and exhaust ventilation pipes of the cellar in the garage, the better. Ideally, they should not be at all;
• the supply pipe is located as close to the floor as possible. The pipe opening is closed with a mesh from the penetration of rodents and other small animals;
• the bottom of the exhaust pipe - as high as possible (closer to the ceiling);
• the top of the exhaust pipe is located as high as possible - at a distance> 0.8 - 1 m above the ridge, and in the case pitched roof, counting from its highest part. The high location of the cellar ventilation exhaust pipe in the garage improves traction and eliminates the drift of its outlet end with snow;
• air exchange is adjusted through control dampers built into the supply and exhaust ventilation of the cellar in the garage. The dampers allow you to dry the cellar, regulate both the inflow and outflow of air. The dampers are indispensable for the ventilation of the cellar in the garage in the winter in frosts, when it is necessary to dose the amount of air renewal, otherwise you can freeze the stored vegetables and preparations;
• both pipes are protected from above with visors, protective covers or deflectors. This will prevent atmospheric precipitation from getting inside, and also, in the case of using a deflector for exhaust, it will create a rarefaction area around it, which will increase traction;
• through exhaust pipe warm air comes out, so condensation may form inside it in frosty weather. The condensate freezes, which reduces the air passage area up to the complete blockage of the air duct. To prevent such a situation, the pipe must be insulated without fail, especially in the place where it passes through the roof. For insulation use materials that are resistant to impact. In addition, the pipe in winter must be periodically cleared of snow, and to facilitate the process, the outlet part of the pipe is made removable. This will allow only the clogged part of the pipe to be cleaned.

Proper natural ventilation of the cellar in the garage will ensure constant air circulation, and air exchange will be involved most of premises. The cost of natural ventilation of the basement is insignificant, it will not require large expenses, you can meet 1,500 rubles (purchase consumable, and make the ventilation device with your own hands). Main disadvantage natural extract: in the case when the air temperature in the street is equal to or greater than the air temperature in the cellar, the air exchange stops.

Forced ventilation -

allows you to equip the cellar hood in the garage so that the air exchange process does not depend on weather conditions. To do this, it is necessary to modernize the exhaust pipe: an electric fan is placed in it, creating an air vortex. Thus, the air is expelled from the room, which ensures the flow of fresh air through the supply pipe. It is possible to organize air exchange through one passage (use a double-leaf pipe). The forced method allows you to organize the ventilation of the cellar in the garage and ensure constant air exchange in the summer, when natural method powerless.

If desired, you can arrange for a cellar in the garage ideal conditions food storage, for which a fully mechanized basement ventilation is installed. At the same time, the air supply and exhaust in the room is provided by a monoblock (modular system) and controlled by software. The cost of such installations can exceed $1,000.

When the cellar in the house

The ventilation of the cellar in the house performs two functions at once: it provides suitable conditions for storing food and does not allow the deterioration of the comfortable living of people in the house. Improper ventilation of the cellar in the house can negatively affect comfort and coziness: dampness in the cellar and musty, stale air easily penetrate into the living quarters, and all residents of the house will have to breathe this air. A tightly closed lid or cellar door will not save the situation.

The optimal cellar ventilation scheme in the house is shown in the figure. The scheme is suitable for both natural and forced (artificial) ventilation:

• the forced method involves the installation of a stationary fan; this method is used for air exchange in large-volume vegetable stores. The fan for the cellar is placed on the exhaust duct;
• for natural ventilation, a fan is also used, but not permanently, but temporarily - it is installed for several days to dry the storage.

Features of cellar ventilation in the house:

• the supply pipe is laid through the part of the foundation above the ground, then through the basement of the house;
• the supply pipe must have a minimum number of bends and a minimum length, must not have narrowings and expansions;
• when arranging the ventilation of the cellar in the house, it must be ensured that in winter the supply pipe is not covered with snow;
• the part of the exhaust pipe located in a cold place must be insulated to prevent condensation;
• the cellar ventilation hood is located inside the wall of the house or in a special ventilation duct, which usually runs along the wall (for example, from the kitchen). To collect everything ventilation ducts together, it is better to make a cellar under the kitchen.

The presence of a cellar in the house allows long time store vegetables and preserves. Most important condition for this room is to maintain the optimal temperature and humidity conditions. After all, moisture can have a detrimental effect not only on products, but also on other things stored in the cellar.

To avoid negative consequences important attention is paid not only to waterproofing and insulation of the foundation, but also proper organization ventilation.

Efficient use of the premises is possible only with the maintenance comfortable conditions fruit content. To ensure their long-term storage, it is necessary to create a microclimate in which it would be possible to regulate the level of air humidity ().

A poorly ventilated room is filled with moisture, which later settles in the form of condensate on the walls and fruit boxes. All this causes rotting vegetables and the appearance of a characteristic smell.

It is important to know how to properly ventilate the cellar, since a draft also has a detrimental effect on the fruits, drying them out.

The main factors of stable operation of the system

The operating principles of the system are:

• air movement due to heating of the ventilation duct;
• the effect of wind blowing air masses out of the pipes.

That is, to ensure quality work circulation when installing the main elements with your own hands, you need to create traction. The deflectors used in this case become less effective in calm weather. However, ventilation efficiency is not lost, since the main role is assigned to thermal inducement.

Despite the presence of a lot of advantages, nevertheless, such a system has some disadvantages associated with the influence of temperature. So during the heat, due to the lack of wind, the ventilation of the cellar of the house may deteriorate. IN winter period frost may form on the pipes, therefore it is recommended to insulate them additionally.

Arrangement of natural ventilation

This system is ideal for small spaces. Its installation does not require much effort and significant financial costs. Among its advantages are also distinguished such indicators as: reliability, low price, durability, the ability to combine with artificial air circulation using an air conditioner or fan, as well as maintaining performance in the absence of electricity.

Natural air circulation installation technology

The installation process is not labor intensive. Everyone can do all the work with their own hands without the help of specialists.

Let's figure out how to make the ventilation of the cellar. For these works, we need pipes made of plastic or metal, as well as deflectors and clamps, through which the pipes will be fastened.

The diameter of the ventilation ducts used affects the volume of passing air, and the speed of its movement depends on their height. Since air circulation depends on weather conditions, it is difficult to determine the exact parameters of the pipes.

For a cellar with an area of ​​40 sq.m, pipes with a diameter of 120 mm will be required. However, to increase the speed of air flow, it is recommended to take pipes of a larger diameter.

The following instructions describe the installation sequence of the system.

1. In the case of arranging ventilation at the stages of building a house, difficulties should not arise. It will only be necessary to organize holes of a suitable diameter for pipes in the design of the house.
2. After that, pipes are installed in these openings and fixed mounting foam or cement composition.
3. The exhaust ventilation duct should be located under the ceiling, as shown in the photo. The pipe itself rises above the roof, at a distance of half a meter from the top of the roof. The supply channel is located completely in the room so that there is 500 mm between the outlet and the floor, and the inlet would be located at the level of half a meter above the ground.

1. Since condensate tends to form in the supply pipe, its end is equipped with a special moisture collector equipped with a tap for draining water.

Advice! If the decision on the organization of ventilation was made after the completion of construction, then it will be necessary to punch channels for installing pipes. To do this, they dig out the foundation, in which holes are then made for installing pipes. In this case, the exhaust ventilation duct is attached to the wall with clamps, and a deflector is placed on top of it, which prevents the penetration of precipitation.

Arrangement of forced ventilation

To enhance air exchange and bring the microclimate as close as possible to natural conditions, they resort to the use of artificial circulation. The principle of operation of this option is based on inducing air to move through the action of special devices ().

Installation of a forced system

The result of this circuit depends on the type of fan used.

Forced air circulation is carried out in the following ways.

• Automatic is characterized by autonomy. The system operation is controlled by installed sensors, therefore, if necessary, it can turn itself off or on.
• mechanical ventilation provides for human intervention to turn on and regulate the fans. Also in this case, regulation of air flows with the help of valves will be required, which is especially important in the cold season. strong traction can lead to fruit freezing.

Homemade forced ventilation of the cellar provides for the same arrangement of pipes as in the first version. A fan is installed in the exhaust pipe, through which it will set the air in motion. The outward flow of air creates a vortex that brings in fresh air from outside.