The poetry of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is entirely devoted to Russia and the Russian people. The great poet developed and strengthened the motives of nationality and citizenship, continuing the traditions of Pushkin. All his life, Nekrasov wrote only about Russia, about its great and long-suffering people.
The theme of the Motherland and the theme of the people in Nekrasov's lyrics are inseparable. The poet creates in his poems terrible, but true pictures of the life of an ordinary person in Rus'. People's Russia is contrasted by the author with the world of cruel feudal landowners and soulless officials. The poem "Motherland" is dedicated to the Volga open spaces native to the poet. But Nekrasov's memories of his childhood disgust the poet. He tells about the life of gentlemen who spent time in feasts, debauchery and mockery of serfs. About the unfortunate common people, Nekrasov says this:
Where is the swarm of depressed and trembling slaves
I envied the life of the last lordly dogs.
The title of this poem emphasizes that such a life was typical for the whole of feudal Russia. In the soul of Nekrasov, love for the Fatherland and hatred for the injustice reigning in it collide. An example of this is the poem "On the Volga". The poet speaks of his still childish love for the great Russian river, considers the Volga a "cradle". Nekrasov would never part with the Volga,
When would, about Volga! upon you
This howl was not heard!
Before the eyes of the poet, a terrible picture arises, seen in childhood and remained in memory for life. The Volga barge haulers excited the young soul, made Nekrasov forget about the beauty of his native places. Now he calls the Volga "a river of slavery and longing." This is one of many poems written on the basis of Nekrasov's personal observations.
The famous poem "Reflections at the front door" was created in a similar way. Village petitioners at the house of a rich dignitary are the embodiment of the entire humiliated and disenfranchised Russian people. The Russian peasant has no protection anywhere, he cannot find truth and justice. The author directly accuses the owners of "luxurious chambers". The nobles do not care about the fate of ordinary people, and therefore the Russian people have only to moan and endure. Nekrasov shows that the little episode seen by the poet is a reflection of what is happening in Russia:
Motherland!
Name me a place like this
I didn't see that angle.
Where would be your sower and keeper.
Where would a Russian peasant not moan?
The poet again recalls the Volga and barge haulers moaning on its banks. The Russian land is filled with people's grief. Nekrasov worries whether the Russian people will be able to change their lives, or whether they are destined to continue to suffer and endure.
The man of labor is in a slave position, he does not receive happiness from his work. This idea is vividly expressed in the poem "Railroad". Nekrasov shows the true builders of the railway, who were driven to the construction site by the terrible tsar-hunger. The crowd of the dead outside the windows of the carriage makes one feel love and respect for the workers and hatred for the oppressors. For the poet, the builders of the road are his brothers. Nekrasov does not hide his feelings. The author's sympathy and pain can be heard in the description of the tall sick Belarusian. The poet calls:
Bless the people's work
And learn to respect the man.
This poem is permeated with the author's faith in the great future of Russia and its people. The patience and slavish obedience of the common man arouse the wrath of Nekrasov. But the author is convinced that the Russian people will be able to overcome all troubles and sorrows, will endure and win in the fight against their misfortune. Nekrasov calls the future of Russia a beautiful time. People's Rus' will pave the "broad and clear" road to happiness.
The great Russian poet and citizen Nekrasov could rightly say about himself: "I dedicated the lyre to my people."
The poet's patriotism, his love for the common people are manifested in every line of Nekrasov's poems. His poetry is an example of serving Russia and the Russian people, to whom the author devoted his whole life, all the strength of his noble and honest soul.
The theme of the motherland occupies one of the leading places in the work of Nekrasov. In works devoted to this topic, the poet touches on the most acute problems of his time. For Nekrasov, the problem of slavery was relevant. However, he viewed it from a slightly different angle. The poet is primarily concerned about the slavish obedience of the peasants. This is explained by the fact that the poet saw in the peasantry a true force capable of renovating and reviving contemporary Russia. In the poem "Railway", the author shows that the ideas of slavish humility are very strong among the people, even hard work and poverty cannot change his worldview:
We were robbed by literate foremen,
Seklo bosses, pressed need
We have endured everything, God's warriors,
Peaceful children of labor!
The image of the people in the poem is tragic and large-scale. The author speaks with sincere sympathy about the plight of the builders. Sometimes the narrative takes on the character of documentary evidence:
You see, he is standing, exhausted by a fever,
A tall, sick Belarusian;
Lips bloodless, eyelids fallen,
Ulcers on skinny arms
Forever knee-deep in water
Legs swollen, tangles in hair.
The description of the disasters of the people, the poet ends with an exclamation:
The Russian people carried enough
Carried out this railroad -
Endure whatever the Lord sends!
Will endure everything - and wide, clear
He will pave the way for himself with his chest ...
However, these optimistic lines end with the poet's bitter verdict:
The only pity is to live in this beautiful time
You won't have to, neither me nor you.
The poet does not hope that the situation of the people will improve in the near future, primarily because the people themselves have come to terms with their fate.
Emphasizing this, Nekrasov ends the poem with an ugly scene, which once again proves that the psychology of peasant builders is the psychology of serfs:
Unharnessed the people of the horses - and the merchants
With a shout of cheers! sped along the road...
The image of Russia, “obsessed with a servile illness”, also appears in the poem “Reflections at the front door”. The poet goes from depicting urban scenes to describing peasant Russia. Before us are images of peasant walkers:
Armenian thin on the shoulders,
By knapsack on the backs bent,
Cross on the neck and blood on the legs...
The cross is a symbol of martyrdom, which is destined to bear the peasant. But the poet not only speaks of the plight of the peasantry. He seeks to show the depth of suffering of all people's Russia. A generalized image of suffering Rus' appears in the moaning song of the peasants:
Motherland!
Name me a place like this
I didn't see that angle.
Wherever your sower and keeper,
Wherever the Russian peasant moaned...
In this part of the poem, Nekrasov uses the traditions of Russian song. The poet often uses repetitions characteristic of folk poetry:
He groans through the fields, along the roads,
He groans in prisons, prisons,
In the mines, on the iron chain,
He groans under the barn, under the stack,
Under the cart, spending the night in the steppe...
Sympathizing with the people's grief, Nekrasov at the same time argues that only the peasants themselves can save themselves from suffering. At the end of the poem, the poet asks the Russian people:
What does your endless moan mean?
Will you wake up full of strength?
Nekrasov believes in the awakening of the people; it is not without reason that in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, he draws the images of peasant fighters with great expressiveness.
With sincere sympathy are shown in the poem Yermil Girin, Yakim Nagoy, Saveliy - the Holy Russian hero. Nekrasov also widely used folk art techniques in his works. This, first of all, was reflected in the poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'." Already the first lines of the poem introduce us to the world of folk tales:
In what year - count
In what land - guess
On the pillar path
Seven men got together...
The poet managed to convey the live speech of the people, their songs, sayings and sayings, which absorbed centuries-old wisdom, sly humor, sadness and joy.
Nekrasov considers people's Russia to be his homeland. He devoted all his work to serving the interests of the people, as he saw this as the main task of poetry. Nekrasov in his work affirms the principle of citizenship of poetry. In the poem "The Poet and the Citizen" he says:
You may not be a poet
But you have to be a citizen!
This does not mean at all: do not be a poet, but be a citizen. For Nekrasov, a true poet is "a worthy son of the fatherland." Summing up his work, Nekrasov admitted:
I dedicated the lyre to my people.
Perhaps I will die unknown to him,
But I served him - and my heart is calm ...
Thus, the poet saw the meaning of his work precisely in serving the fatherland, therefore the theme of the motherland occupies one of the leading places in their poetry.
A special understanding of the people and the Motherland in the work of the poet
The theme of the Motherland is uniquely presented in the work of N.A. Nekrasov. The concept of "Motherland" is equated with the concept of "people", that is, the peasantry. Nekrasov did not stop talking about the tragic situation of the people, their suffering, their grief. The word "Motherland" evokes in the poet not pride, not memories of greatness and glory, but bitterness and shame.
Volga as a symbol of the Motherland in Nekrasov's poems
In the poem "Motherland", the lyrical hero, narrating about the places of his childhood, cannot remember anything bright, he associates them only with the aimless life of generations of nobles, serfdom and the consciousness that
"Once upon a time I was a landowner."
The native places of the poet are connected with the great Russian river Volga.
In many poems, the Volga becomes a symbol of the Motherland and national grief.
Volga! Volga! .. In the spring of high water
You don't flood the fields like that
Like the great grief of the people
Our land is full...
The poet is drawn to the Russian people with the question:
“Will you wake up full of strength? Or, obeying the law of fate, have you already done everything you could - created a song like a groan, and spiritually rested forever?
Love for the Russian people
Speaking of people's suffering, Nekrasov does not get tired of talking about the talent of the Russian people, their long-suffering. In the poem "Railway", the poet paints a picture of the people's labor, laid on the construction of this road, about embezzlement and oppression. But at the same time he claims that the Russian people
“it will endure everything - and pave the way for itself with a wide, clear chest.”
Nekrasov combines love for the people with hatred for their oppressors. In the poem “Reflections at the front door”, the life of an important official is described with disgust, and the owner of the house himself does not appear in the poem, the front door becomes the personification of his soullessness, to which ordinary Russian people come, but they are not even allowed on the threshold.
The poet writes about the long-suffering of his Motherland in the poem "The Forgotten Village". To some extent, the concept of "forgotten village" can be considered a symbol of all of Russia. The amazing quality of the Russian people - long-suffering - is also expressed in the hope of a kind gentleman who will come and judge. But the old master is brought only dead, and behind him comes the new master, who, like the old one, does not care about the fate of the people.
Russian woman in Nekrasov's poetry
A special place in the poet's work, and in particular in the theme of the Motherland and the people, is occupied by the image of a Russian woman, mainly a Russian peasant woman. The life of a Russian peasant is hard, but the life of a Russian peasant woman is even harder. In the poem "Russian Woman" Nekrasov creates an image of inimitable strength and beauty that can overcome all difficulties:
“He will stop a galloping horse, he will enter a burning hut.”
The poems “Frost, Red Nose” (the image of Daria, the widow of the peasant Proclus), “Orina, the Soldier’s Mother” (the image of an old mother who lost her son-breadwinner) are devoted to the tragic fate of Russian peasant women. No less tragic is the image of Nekrasov's own mother, humiliated and tortured by her tyrant husband.
The poet compares love for the motherland not with love for a mother, which is traditional, but with love for a woman.
"Like a woman, you loved your homeland"
- he writes in the poem "In Memory of Dobrolyubov". The poet considers service to the Motherland, the people to be the highest moral goal. Creating an image, Nekrasov talks about the ideal of a citizen who
“Works, hopes, thoughts - I gave everything”
Motherland. If there were no such people in Russia,
the field of life would have died out.
Civil motives in lyrics
Nekrasov also demands service to the Motherland and people from the poet, who is obliged to be a citizen:
The son cannot look calmly
On the mother's mountain.
A worthy citizen cannot
To the Fatherland is cold in soul.
The motherland is not only hated, but also dear to the poet. In 1857, returning from abroad, he enthusiastically says:
Thank you dear side
For your healing space!
Homeland for the poet and chief judge. In poems created after an ode in honor of Muravyov the hangman, which Nekrasov wrote, trying to save his offspring, the Sovremennik magazine, from being closed, the poet does not get tired of repeating:
“For a drop of blood common with the people, forgive me, oh motherland, forgive me!..”
Much that Nekrasov said about the Motherland and the people found a lively response in the hearts of the Russian intelligentsia. Many of the poet's poems were read in families, memorized. Much has survived to this day. And now we ask ourselves:
“Who is living well in Rus'?”
And now we are waiting for:
"here the master will come, the master will judge us."
The position of the Russian woman has not changed in many respects. No wonder the poet of the twentieth century Naum Korzhavin, paraphrasing Nekrasov, wrote:
Did you like it? Do not hide your joy from the world - share"And the horses keep galloping and galloping, and the huts are burning and burning."
The theme of the Motherland in the lyrics of Nekrasov. The theme of the motherland occupies one of the leading places in the work of Nekrasov.
In works devoted to this topic, the poet touches on the most acute problems of his time. For Nekrasov, the problem of slavery was relevant. However, he viewed it from a slightly different angle. The poet is primarily concerned about the slavish obedience of the peasants. This is explained by the fact that the poet saw in the peasantry a true force capable of renovating and reviving contemporary Russia. In the poem Railroad, the author shows that the ideas of slavish humility are very strong among the people, even hard work and poverty cannot change his worldview We were robbed by literate foremen, Seklo bosses, pressed by need We all endured, God's warriors, Peaceful children of labor! The image of the people in the poem is tragic and large-scale. The author speaks with sincere sympathy about the plight of the builders.
Sometimes the narrative takes on the character of documentary evidence. You see, he is standing, exhausted by a fever, A tall, sick Belarusian, Bloodless lips, eyelids that have fallen, Ulcers on skinny arms, Legs that have always stood knee-deep in water, swollen, a tangle in his hair. The poet ends the description of the disasters of the people with an exclamation The Russian people have endured enough, They have also endured this iron road - They will endure everything that the Lord sends! It will endure everything - and it will pave a wide, clear path for itself. However, these optimistic lines end with the poet's bitter verdict. The poet does not hope that the situation of the people will improve in the near future, primarily because the people themselves have come to terms with their fate.
Emphasizing this, Nekrasov ends the poem with an ugly scene, which once again proves that the psychology of the peasant builders is the psychology of the serfs. rushed along the road The image of Russia, obsessed with a servile illness, also appears in the poem Reflections at the front door. The poet goes from depicting urban scenes to describing peasant Russia.
Before us are images of peasant walkers Armyachishko, thin on his shoulders, Bent over a knapsack on his back, Cross on his neck and blood on his feet The cross is a symbol of martyrdom, which the peasant is destined to bear.
But the poet not only speaks of the plight of the peasantry. He seeks to show the depth of suffering of all people's Russia. A generalized image of suffering Rus' appears in the song-groan of the peasants Native land! Name me such a monastery, I have never seen such a corner, Wherever your sower and keeper, Wherever the Russian peasant moans In this part of the poem, Nekrasov uses the traditions of Russian song. The poet often uses repetitions characteristic of folk poetry He groans in the fields, along the roads, He groans in prisons, in jails, In mines, on an iron chain, He groans under a barn, under a stack, Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe Sympathizing with the people's grief, Nekrasov at the same time argues that only the peasants themselves can save themselves from suffering. At the end of the poem, the poet asks the Russian people What does your endless moan mean? Will you wake up, Nekrasov, full of strength, believes in the awakening of the people, it is not without reason that in the poem Who Lives Well in Rus', he draws images of peasant fighters with great expressiveness.
With sincere sympathy are shown in the poem Yermil Girin, Yakim Nagoy, Saveliy - the Holy Russian hero.
Nekrasov also widely used folk art techniques in his works. This, first of all, was reflected in the poem Who in Rus' should live well. Already the first lines of the poem introduce us to the world of folk tales In what year - count, In what land - guess, On the pole path Seven men met The poet managed to convey the living speech of the people, their songs, sayings and sayings, which absorbed age-old wisdom, crafty humor , sadness and joy.
Nekrasov considers people's Russia to be his homeland. He devoted all his work to serving the interests of the people, as he saw this as the main task of poetry. Nekrasov in his work affirms the principle of citizenship of poetry. In the poem The Poet and the Citizen, he says You may not be a poet, But you must be a citizen! This does not mean not to be a poet, but to be a citizen.
For Nekrasov, a true poet is a worthy son of the fatherland. Summing up his work, Nekrasov admitted I dedicated the lyre to my people. Perhaps I will die unknown to him, But I served him - and my heart is calm. Thus, the poet saw the meaning of his work precisely in serving the fatherland, therefore the theme of the motherland occupies one of the leading places in their poetry. 3. The people-worker in the work of N.A. Nekrasova In our country, the role of a writer is first of all the role of an intercessor for the voiceless and downtrodden.
N. A. Nekrasov. From childhood, each of us is familiar with the heartfelt poems and poems of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. Creating his immortal works, the poet looked at life through the eyes of the people, spoke about it in their language. With love, sympathy and understanding, with a deep insight into the very essence of life, Nekrasov painted a simple person. He noticed in him a lively mind, intelligence, talent, great human dignity, and a desire for work.
In the work of N. A. Nekrasov, work took one of the most honorable places. The poet in his poems truthfully spoke about how the Russian people live and work, showed him as a true builder and creator of life, a sower and keeper of the wealth of the country, whose rough hands work. Labor is the basis of life, and only he can rightly consider himself a person who works, only to him will the heavenly blessings be revealed in the future life, who spends time on earth not in idleness, but in righteous labors.
Therefore, every positive character in Nekrasov's poetry is, first of all, a good and skilled worker. Lyrik Nekrasov, as it were, is always among people, their life, their needs, their fate, he is deeply concerned. And his poetry is always social. In the sixties, the poet wrote one of his most significant works - the famous Railway. This great song of the dead, the builders of the railroad, reveals the unscrupulous exploitation by entrepreneurs of the labor of Russian peasants.
The poet managed to draw a vivid picture of the hard life and lack of rights of the workers We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold, With an eternally bent back, Lived in dugouts, fought hunger, Were cold and wet, suffered from scurvy. The builders of the railway point to unbearable and inhuman conditions not in order to complain about the hardships they endured. These hardships reinforce the consciousness of the high significance of the work they have done, for the peasants worked for the common good. With selfless labor they served God, and not personal goals, therefore on this moonlit night they admire the work of their hands and rejoice that in the name of God they endured great torment and suffering.
Do you hear singing On this moonlit night It is a pleasure for us to see our work We, God's warriors, have endured everything, Peaceful children of labor! In the final part, Nekrasov moves from the images of destitute, groaning peasants to a broad, generalized image - groaning Rus', overflowing with the great grief of the people. The poet believes that the Russian people will achieve liberation from the exploiters. Don't be shy for the dear homeland. He will endure everything - and he will pave a wide, clear path with his chest. Among Russian poets, Nekrasov most deeply felt and painted tragically beautiful images of eternal workers and sufferers - barge haulers.
He saw their life from childhood, as a child he heard their songs-groans, what he saw and heard with indelible features was engraved in the memory of the poet.
Nekrasov realized early on that there is a king in the world, this king is merciless, Hunger is his name. The merciless tsar-hunger drives people to the banks of the Volga and forces them to pull the unbearable barge strap. In his autobiographical poem On the Volga, the poet described what later he could not forget all his life Almost bending his head To his feet, entwined with twine, Shod in bast shoes, along the river Boat haulers crawled in a crowd The work of barge haulers was so hard that death seemed to them a welcome deliverer. Nekrasov's barge hauler says When his shoulder heals, He would pull the strap like a bear, And if he were to die by morning, It would be better still. Everywhere, along with showing the hopeless severity of the peasant lot, Nekrasov draws powerful, strong, bright images of people from the people, warmed by the author's love.
This is Ivanushka - a heroic build, a hefty kid, Savvushka - tall, his arm is iron, his shoulders are an oblique fathom. Difficulty is a characteristic feature of the poet's folk heroes. A peasant is attracted by hard work, reminiscent of a heroic deed, in dreams-thoughts he sees himself only as a hero plows loose sands, cuts down dense forests.
Proclus in the poem Frost, the Red Nose is likened to the heroic worker revered in the peasantry Big, with calloused hands, Lifting a lot of work, Beautiful, torment-free Face - and a beard up to the hands Proclus's whole life is spent in hard work. At the funeral of a peasant, the wailing relatives recall his love for work as one of the main virtues of the breadwinner. You were an adviser to your parents, you were a worker in the field. , Matryonushka, A man is not a hero? And his life is not military, And death is not written for him In battle - but a hero! There is not a single side of peasant life that Nekrasov would bypass.
The thought of the lawlessness and suffering of the people is inseparable in the poet's work from another thought - about his imperceptible, but true greatness, about the inexhaustible forces dormant in him. The theme of a difficult female fate runs through many of the works of Nikolai Alekseevich.
In the poem Frost, Red Nose, the author draws the image of a majestic Slav. Nekrasov talks about the tragic fate of Daria, who took on all the male work and dies from this. The poet's admiration for the beauty of a peasant woman is inextricably merged with admiration for her dexterity and strength in work. N. Chernyshevsky wrote that for a woman who works hard, an unusual freshness, a blush all over her cheek, will be a sign of beauty. It is this ideal that Nekrasov describes, seeing in a peasant woman a combination of external attractiveness and internal, moral wealth, mental stamina.
Beauty, the world is amazing, Blush, slender, tall, Beautiful in all clothes, Dexterous in all work. The fate of Daria is perceived as a typical fate of a Russian woman from the people. The poet repeatedly notes this in his poems. Destiny had three heavy shares, And the first share was to marry a slave, The second was to be the mother of a slave's son, And the third was to submit to the coffin to the slave, And all these formidable shares fell on the woman of the Russian land.
Speaking of the painful fate of women, Nekrasov never ceases to sing of the amazing spiritual qualities of his heroines, their tremendous willpower, self-esteem, pride, not crushed by difficult living conditions. With great poetic power, the poet shows the bitter fate of children. Care and need drove them out of the house, exhausting, backbreaking work awaited them at the factory. Children died, dried up in factory captivity.
To these little convicts, who did not know rest and happiness, Nekrasov dedicated the poem The Cry of Children. The burden of labor that kills the living soul of a child, the monotony of his life, the poet conveys with the monotonous rhythm of the poem, the repetition of words All day long in the wheel factories We turn - turn - turn! It is useless to cry and pray, The wheel does not hear, does not spare Even if you die - the damned is spinning, Even if you die - buzzing - buzzing - buzzing! The complaints of children doomed to a slow death at the factory machine remain unanswered.
The poem The Crying of Children is a passionate voice in defense of little workers, given over by hunger and need to capitalist slavery. The poet dreamed of the time when work would become joyful and free for a person. In the poem Grandfather, he showed what miracles people are capable of when their labor is free. A handful of Russians, exiled to a terrible wilderness, made the barren land fertile, miraculously cultivated the fields, raised fat herds. The hero of the poem, an old Decembrist, having told about this miracle, adds the will and labor of man. Marvelous divas create! The theme of the suffering people and the theme of the working people determine the face of Nekrasov's poetry, constitute its essence.
Through all the work of the poet passes the idea of the physical and spiritual beauty of a man from the people, in which N. A. Nekrasov saw the guarantee of a brighter future. 4. Nekrasov-satirist. Brief analysis of the poem Lullaby. The poem Lullaby was written by Nekrasov in 1845. Through the author's narration, through his instructions, hidden criticism, the infant's warning is shown, which consists in comparing his future life with the life of his father. But the warning is not a particular case, it is addressed to all mankind.
Comparing the author's immortal love for the Motherland, his compassion, pain for tormented Russia, we can conclude that Nekrasov is dissatisfied with the existing system, which destroys the whole essence of Russian life, incinerating, exhausting the simple toiling people. Between the lines one can trace the theme of the difficult fate of the peasants and the bureaucracy that has captured the whole of Russia, which lives off bribery, at the expense of someone's life, at the expense of someone's invaluable work.
Russian officials have never been distinguished by good-naturedness and philanthropy, but they have always had respect among people. The common people, fearing for their own existence, were forced to bow obediently, to fulfill all requirements, neglecting their own opinion. The author describes the blessings in a human life, but does it with disgust, thereby exposing his true feelings, his cruel point of view. You will be an official in appearance, And a scoundrel in soul.
I'll go out to see you off - And I'll wave my hand! The author is an ardent opponent of dishonestly earned wealth, he shows us the whole essence of a free, rich life. Nekrasov explains to us that a creature that controls people like cattle, profiting at their expense, at the expense of their suffering, does not have the proud name of man. The poet opposes injustice and dishonor. Calling the baby harmless, naive, he speaks of the spiritual purity of the people, their incorruptibility. The originality of artistic means, once again emphasizes the skill of the author, which so clearly and reasonably conveys to the reader the foundations of injustice.
The epithets used by the author once again prove to us the main goal of the work - to show people the consequences of the stratification of society, which leaves such a cruel imprint on the history of society. Correlating the time of evolution and the time of writing the verse, we can say that history went backwards, while destroying all the increased development potentials.
Summing up, we can say that Nekrasov was a true patriot, defending his homeland so vehemently. All the injustice that fornicated around sick Russia for Nekrasov coincides in one concept - bureaucracy. And Nekrasov was right, because even now it is this factor, unfortunately, that is finishing off Russia. 5.
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Homeland and people in the work of N.A. Nekrasov
A man of strong temper and despotic character, Nekrasov's father did not spare his subjects. The peasants subject to him got it, the household members had enough grief with him, especially .. Serfdom tyranny in those years was an ordinary phenomenon, but from childhood it deeply wounded the soul of Nekrasov ..
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1. The bitter fate of the people.
2. The image of the home.
3. Desolation of the native land.
The only lesson that can be learned from history is that people do not learn any lessons from history.
J. B. Shaw
The lyrical works of N. A. Nekrasov are filled with a special melody, they allow us to look into the spiritual world of the poet himself. And we see that one of the main places in it is occupied by the image of the motherland. Probably, not only every poet, but also a writer turned to the theme of the homeland. And each of them noticed subtle shades in it, close to his spirit and heart.
In the work of N. A. Nekrasov there is one poem, which also has such a name as “Motherland”. From the very first lines, we understand that the lyrical hero describes places familiar to him. This tells us that he is not disingenuous, despite the fact that he does not immediately reveal the secret of familiar places: "And here again, familiar places ...".
Only in the next line it becomes clear that this corner is where the life of the fathers proceeded. That is, the lyrical hero does not separate his homeland from the world of his ancestors. After all, it was they who gave him life and taught him to hate slavery, violence, and oppression. Then it becomes clear that a person under the burden of serfdom cannot be free in spirit. And to describe such a picture, the lyrical hero uses very picturesque colors.
Where is the life of my fathers, barren and empty,
Flowed among the feasts, senseless swagger,
The debauchery of petty and dirty tyranny;
Where is the swarm of depressed and trembling slaves
I envied the life of the last lordly dogs ...
So the image of the motherland for Nekrasov is directly connected with the fate of the people. They exist in an inseparable unity. For the poet, who saw tyranny from childhood, the image of the landowner father, who strives to convey his negative traits to his son, is forever imprinted in his soul. Therefore, the lyrical hero does not expose himself as a saint in the work. In the poem, he says that he himself was sometimes a landowner. But this recognition carries a very important point. Since the lyrical hero raises such a topic, it means that he is aware that he once acted badly. Therefore, he has a chance to correct himself and bring relief to those people in chains. He takes poetic creativity as his assistant, capable of influencing the souls of people at a distance and explaining to them what is good and what is bad in this world.
Russian nature organically flows into the work, as if predicting what the poet wants to say in his poems. Then the image of the mother appears in the narrative, which is no less significant in the work of N. A. Nekrasov. Her life is also full of worries and sadness because her husband is the landowner whose peasants envy dogs. Therefore, it is gloomy, like a dark garden.
Here is a dark, dark garden... Whose face in the far alley
Flickers between the branches, painfully sad?
I know why you cry, my mother!
Who ruined your life... oh! I know, I know!
So the lyrical hero tries to fit all its inhabitants into the image of the motherland. These are not only fragmentary landscape sketches. These are the fates of people who form the idea of Russia. Perhaps that is why the lyrical hero with mother's milk absorbed that hatred of life, which suppressed human dignity.
But even more indignation of the lyrical hero is the fact that his mother was able to teach him to see the truth, but she herself did not change her fate. Perhaps he wanted to say that the fate of the people depends on each individual. And if she is also passive towards her oppressors, she will never be able to take this burden off her shoulders. So, using the example of one personal fate, the poet makes a generalization. He shows that the image of the mother becomes part of the life of the whole people. Therefore, it is very important that each of them not only free his soul, but also his fate from slavery.
You were frightened by the thought of rebelling against fate,
You carried your lot in the silence of a slave ...
After all, the soul of the people is not subject to any of the tormentors. It remains and is preserved in the person himself. And the lyrical hero does not skimp on the lines to show all her splendor. Immediately there is an indispensable correlation: the motherland must have the same soul. After all, singing the image of the mother, Nekrasov thereby shows us the image of the motherland. They are both passionate, beautiful and proud. They both managed to bear a lot of grief on their shoulders. But most importantly, each of them knows how to forgive.
And everything that you have the strength to endure,
Your dying whisper forgiven the destroyer! ..
And after the description of the mother in the understanding of the lyrical hero, a generalized image is again formed. After all, his own person was not the first to live in such a cruel and dark world. But the lyrical hero notices that despite the fact that she repeated the fate of her mother, she was able, even dead, to touch the heart of her executioner.
But, mother's sad fate
Repeating in the world, you lay in a coffin
With such a cold and stubborn smile,
That the executioner himself trembled, crying with a mistake.
When this beautiful soul leaves, then the house leaves a special spirit that gave it life and a new breath. So the lyrical hero shows that the Motherland is alive and rich in spirit and spiritual beauty of people. It is they, and not some speculative reflections and tyranny, that becomes the basis of the life of the Russian people, living by their own traditions and preserving the memory of generations.
Here is a gray, old house ... Now it is empty and deaf:
No women, no dogs, no gaers, no servants, -
And old?
But even in former times there was some kind of anxiety in this house that frightened the child. Then he ran to the nanny. Children tend to feel everything very subtly, therefore it is this image that the lyrical hero chooses to describe that atmosphere.
... But I remember: here something crushed everyone,
Here, in the small and the big, the heart ached drearily.
I ran to the nanny ...
The lyrical hero showed that the fate of the motherland is inextricably linked with the fate of the people themselves and with each individual individually. And this picture is certainly framed by nature, which sensitively feels and reacts to all human anxieties. She sympathizes with him and is ready to help in adversity. And the lyrical hero comes to the conclusion that for each of us, the homeland begins in our native land, in our home. It is the house that lays the moral foundations of each individual.
For N. A. Nekrasov, the homeland has a very sad attire. The fields are scorched, the stream has dried up. This does not mean that the lyrical hero does not believe in his homeland and in its strength. He just tries to believably describe the image that he imprinted in his heart.
And with disgust around throwing a look,
With joy I see that the dark forest has been cut down -
In the languishing summer heat, protection and coolness, -
And the field is scorched, and the herd is idly dozing,
Hanging your head over a dried-up stream...
In the same desolation is the house of the lyrical hero. He, too, like nature, was deprived of the most important thing - a wise and warm look, capable of preserving the purity of not only the soul, but also the heart itself.
And an empty and gloomy house falls on its side,
Where echoes the ringing of bowls and the voice of jubilation
The dull and eternal rumble of repressed suffering
And only the one who crushed everyone with himself,
Freely and breathed, and acted, and lived ...
So in Nekrasov's lyrics we are presented with a picture of one of the estates, which becomes a good visual material for describing the author's perception of his homeland. She appears in an inseparable unity with man and his housing, and nature. But for now, all of this is in shambles. Therefore, the homeland itself is in the same longing. She is waiting for those who, as a lyrical hero, will be able to return her former appearance. But it must certainly contain people who are free not only in heart, but also in spirit.
So, accusatory notes appear in the work "Motherland". The lyrical hero does not accept serfdom, despotism and tyranny either for himself or for his homeland. The admiration of the peasants for the landowner is deeply alien to him. Therefore, this simply should not be in his life and in his native land.
Despite the fact that N. A. Nekrasov comes from a particular case based on his childhood memories, we understand that he shows the fate of all of Russia. This is the homeland for which he is ready to fight with the help of the most important and very effective weapon - poetic creativity.