Introduction to PBU 18/02 - permanent differences
We offer you an immersion in the topic of PBU 18/02 “Accounting for corporate income tax calculations”, regardless of whether you use it in your business or not. We will try to show the relationship between the concepts of this complex PBU and look at “how it works” with examples.
PBU 18/02 is called upon to use special postings to link the income tax calculated in accounting and tax accounting.
Previously, we already looked at the interweaving of the concepts of PBU 18/02 in the article Basics of accounting using PBU 18/02 in 1C: Enterprise Accounting 8.
Let's talk about this in more detail. Pay attention to the key feature of the concepts of “assets and liabilities” according to PBU 18/02.
There are four in total:
Permanent tax liability
Deferred tax liability,
Permanent tax asset
Deferred tax asset.
The concept of “tax liability” (permanent and deferred)
Whenpermanent tax liability it is implied that the organization has some “constant (conditional overpayment) for income tax”, and itAlwaysit will remain that way (“Pay more in principle”).
Whendeferred tax liability it means thatin the current periodthe organization postpones paying the tax, but will definitely pay it in the future (“Pay less now”).
The concept of “tax asset” (permanent and deferred)
Whenpermanent tax asset it is implied that the organization has some “constant (conditional savings) for income tax”, and itAlwaysit will remain that way (“Pay less in principle”).
Whendeferred tax asset it means thatin the current periodthe organization “conditionally overpaid” the tax, but in the future it will definitely compensate for this “overpayment” (“Will pay less in the future”).
Constant differences
Important Features:
1. Constant differencesinfluenceon the company’s net profit and are accrued from net profit through account 99.
2. Permanent differences are not reflected in the balance sheet because have no account balances at the end of the current period.
3. We do not accept permanent differences and will never accept them in the future for the purposes of calculating income tax with the budget.
When permanent differences occur ?
Permanent tax liability – This is the most common case of permanent differences.
As can be seen in the example, accounting and tax profits differ by the amount of expenses not accepted in tax accounting (394-354=40). We equalize the income tax in accounting by posting:
D-t 99.02.3 K-t 68.04.2 (40*20%=8).
When using PBU 18/02, account 68.04.2 appears, which is key because It is on this basis that the income tax payable to the budget is formed. This tax amount will be indicated in the income tax return. In this case, postings are generated for a specific analytical accounting object.
Principles of tax accounting in 1C
1. Accounting and tax accounting are carried out in parallel, i.e. One operation generates data from both accounts;
2. Accounting and tax accounting data can be compared using a control number because The rule BU=NU+PR+BP applies. In other words, accounting data always corresponds to tax accounting data with permanent and temporary differences. In this case, the differences can be both with a sign (+) and with a sign (-).
How it works in 1C
Let's consider an example of reflection in 1C: Enterprise Accounting 8 edition 3.0.
The organization paid tax penalties (VAT) for late payment. This type of expense is not accepted for tax purposes (clause 2 of Article 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation)
We compare the data according to the rule BU=NU+PR+VR (2705.00 (BU)=2705.00 (PR)). A permanent difference has been formed.
The operation “Closing the month” creates a permanent tax liability. The formula for calculation (PNO=PR*20%) and accounting entries (D-t 99.02.3-K-t 68.04) are indicated for reference in column 7 of the calculation certificate.
We generate a report on financial results (form No. 2). The permanent tax liability is reflected in line 2421 with a minus sign.
Permanent tax asset – a pleasant, but rarely encountered case of permanent differences.
As can be seen in the example, accounting and tax profits differ by the amount of income not accepted into the NU (300+35=335). We equalize (reduce) the income tax in accounting by posting:
D-t 68.04.2 K-t 99.02.3 (335*20%=67).
How it works in 1C
Let's consider an example of reflection in 1C: Enterprise Accounting 8.3.
The organization received free assistance from the founder with a 100% share in the authorized capital. This type of income is not accepted for tax purposes (clause 11, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
We compare the data according to the rule BU=NU+PR+VR (300,000.00 (BU)=300,000.00 (PR)). A permanent difference has been formed.
With the operation “Closing the month” we create a permanent tax asset.
We generate a report on financial results (form No. 2). The permanent tax asset is reflected in line 2421 with a plus sign.
If in the current period an organization has both permanent tax liabilities (PNO) and permanent tax assets (PNA), they are reflected separately by type of liability.
In Form No. 2 (Report on financial results) PNO and PNA are shown as a total amount with a transcript attached.
Analytical accounting of permanent differences
If an organization has only permanent differences in its accounting, then analytical accounting for accounting accounts can be carried out by dividing income and expenses into“accepted for tax accounting purposes” And“not accepted for tax accounting purposes.”
“Meaningful achievements require significant effort.”
including: permanent tax liabilities (assets) 2421 - this is the balance of permanent tax liabilities (assets).
In other words, this is a certain value that either increases or decreases income tax payments in the reporting period.
For the purposes of financial analysis, this value is not fundamental, since it does not affect subsequent calculations.
If with brackets, then it is entered into the services with a minus.
Calculation formula (according to reporting)
Line 2421 of the income statement
Standard
Not standardized
Conclusions about what a change in indicator means
If the indicator is higher than normal
Not standardized
If the indicator is below normal
Not standardized
If the indicator increases
Positive factor
If the indicator decreases
Negative factor
Notes
The indicator in the article is considered from the point of view not of accounting, but of financial management. Therefore, sometimes it can be defined differently. It depends on the author's approach.
In most cases, universities accept any definition option, since deviations according to different approaches and formulas are usually within a maximum of a few percent.
The indicator is considered in the main free service and some other services
If you see any inaccuracy or typo, please also indicate this in the comment. I try to write as simply as possible, but if something is still not clear, questions and clarifications can be written in the comments to any article on the site.
Best regards, Alexander Krylov,
The financial analysis:
- Definition Deferred tax liability 1420 is a liability in the form of a portion of deferred income taxes that will result in an increase in income taxes in one or...
- Definition Deferred tax assets 1180 are an asset that will reduce income taxes in future periods, thereby increasing after-tax profits. The presence of such an asset...
- Definition Other liabilities 1450 are other liabilities of the organization, the maturity of which exceeds 12 months, which are not included in other groups of the 4th section of the balance sheet. Their presence...
- Definition Value added tax on acquired assets 1220 is the balance of VAT on acquired inventories, intangible assets, capital investments, works and services, which does not…
- Definition Interest payable 2330 is the interest that the organization had to pay in the reporting period: interest paid on all types of borrowed obligations of the organization (in ...
- Definition Current income tax 2410 is the amount of income tax generated according to tax accounting data for the reporting (tax) period Calculation formula (according to reporting) Line...
- Definition Estimated liabilities 1430 are estimated liabilities, the expected period of fulfillment of which exceeds 12 months. Despite not the simplest definition, in fact, estimated liabilities are...
- The definition of TOTAL for section V 1500 is the sum of indicators for lines with codes 1510 - 1550 - the total amount of short-term liabilities of the organization: 1510 “Borrowed funds” ...
- Definition Other short-term liabilities 1550 are other obligations of the organization, the repayment period of which does not exceed 12 months: targeted financing received by development organizations from investors and generating ...
- Definition Interest receivable 2320 is the interest that the organization should have received in the reporting period: interest due to the organization on loans issued by it; interest and...
Permanent tax liability (Permanent tax asset)- the amount of income tax calculated from the difference between profit according to accounting and taxation data.
The concepts of “Permanent tax liability (permanent tax asset)” are used for accounting purposes.
The permanent tax liability (asset) is calculated on the basis of.
Permanent tax liabilities are abbreviated as PNO;
Permanent tax assets are abbreviated as PTA.
A comment
A permanent tax liability (asset) represents the estimated amount of income tax that would arise from the difference between the amount of profit according to accounting and the amount of profit according to tax accounting. Such differences (referred to as ) may arise due to the normalization of certain income tax expenses, the application of tax benefits, etc.
The main meaning of this value is to explain in the financial statements the differences in profit according to accounting and tax accounting data.
If the amount of profit according to accounting and the amount of profit according to tax accounting coincide, then a permanent tax liability (asset) does not arise.
The permanent tax liability (asset) is determined by the formula:
PNO (PNA) = PR * ST
PNO (PNA) - Permanent tax liability (asset)
PR - Constant difference
ST - income tax rate
Example
For some types of advertising expenses, there is a limit on the amount recognized for taxation in the amount of 1% of revenue. In the tax period, the amount of advertising expenses amounted to 100 million rubles. Of this amount, 10 million rubles are not recognized for tax purposes (in excess of the standard) - a constant difference.
At a profit tax rate of 20%, the permanent tax liability will be 2 million rubles.
100 million D 44 - K 60 - advertising expenses are reflected
2 million D 99 - 68 - permanent tax liability reflected (10 million * 20%)
Example
The organization received free funds in the amount of 200 thousand rubles from a participant owning more than 50% of the authorized capital of this organization. The amount received is not subject to corporate income tax (clause 11, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
An income amount of 200 thousand rubles is recognized as income in accounting and is not recognized under income tax. This amount forms a permanent difference of 200 thousand rubles and, accordingly, a permanent tax asset in the amount of 40 thousand rubles (200 thousand * 20%).
D 51 - K 91,200,000 - income reflected
D 68 - K 99 40,000 - a permanent tax asset is reflected (RUB 200,000 * 20%).
List of situations when a permanent tax liability or asset arises
As already noted, a permanent tax liability (asset) is formed when there are differences in accounting and tax accounting of income and expenses. The following are the main situations:
A permanent tax liability (PNO) arises:
1) When the amount of expense recognized in tax accounting is limited by a limit, but in accounting is recognized as an expense without restrictions. In this case, PNO is formed in relation to excess expenses (which are recognized as expenses in accounting and are not recognized in tax accounting).
Thus, the amount of some advertising expenses is limited to 1% of sales revenue (clause 4 of Article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The amount of entertainment expenses is recognized in an amount not exceeding 4 percent of labor costs (clause 2 of Article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
2) When the amount of expense is recognized in accounting and not recognized in tax accounting.
Yes, Art. 263 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation determines the list of insurance costs that are recognized in tax accounting. Other types of insurance are not recognized as income tax expenses. If an organization has incurred insurance costs that are not taken into account in taxation, but are recognized in accounting, then a PNO is formed.
3) The value of property donated as charitable assistance.
4) Increase in the value of a fixed asset as a result of revaluation carried out in accounting.
In this case, the book value of the object in accounting will exceed the tax value of the same object. Accordingly, that part of the depreciation of an object that will be recognized in accounting and not recognized in tax accounting will form PNO.
A permanent tax asset (PTA) arises:
1) when expenses are recognized in tax accounting and are not recognized in accounting.
For example, paragraph 7 of Art. 262 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation defines the types of R&D expenses that are recognized in tax accounting with a coefficient of 1.5 (that is, an expense per 100 rubles is taken into account as 150 rubles). The amount of expenses that is recognized in tax accounting in excess of the amount in accounting forms the PNA.
2) Decrease in the value of a fixed asset as a result of revaluation carried out in accounting.
In this case, the book value of the object in accounting will be less than the tax value of the same object. Accordingly, that part of the depreciation of an object that will be recognized in tax accounting and not recognized in accounting will form PNA.
Reflection of PNO and PNA in accounting and reporting
In accounting, the permanent tax liability (asset) is reflected in the account in correspondence with the account. Accordingly, PNO is reflected in DK, and PNA is reflected in the accounting for DK.
A permanent tax liability (asset) is reflected in the financial statements (previously called the “Profit and Loss Statement”) in the line “incl. Continuing Tax Liabilities (Assets)” (p. 2421).
The amount of line 2421 is indicated for reference and is not indicated in the calculation of other lines, since its influence is taken into account in the line “Current income tax” (2410).
The permanent tax liability (asset) is not reflected in the balance sheet.
Definition from regulations
A permanent tax liability (asset) is understood as the amount of tax that leads to an increase (decrease) in tax payments for income tax in the reporting period.
A permanent tax liability (asset) is recognized by the organization in the reporting period in which the permanent difference arises.
The permanent tax liability (asset) is equal to the value determined as the product of the permanent difference that arose in the reporting period and the profit tax rate established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees and in effect on the reporting date.
Today we will figure out when a company has a PNO (permanent tax liability) and when it will have to reflect a deferred tax asset in accounting. In accounting, organizations must reflect differences arising from discrepancies between accounting profit and profit calculated in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
The obligation to form PNO is established by PBU 18/02 “Accounting for calculations of corporate income tax”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 11, 2008 No. 23n).
PBU 18/02 may not be applied by organizations that are small businesses (small enterprises), as well as non-profit organizations.
Organizations related to small businesses are determined in accordance with Federal Law dated July 24, 2007 No. 209-FZ “On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation.”
PTI or permanent and deferred tax assets and liabilities arise when income or expenses are recognized in different amounts in accounting and tax accounting. And also due to the different order of formation of the initial value of assets in accounting and tax accounting.
Information about permanent and temporary differences is generated in accounting either on the basis of primary accounting documents directly from the accounting accounts, or in another manner that is determined by the organization independently (for example, in non-system accounting registers - tables, calculations, etc.). At the same time, the organization must separately reflect permanent and temporary differences in accounting, as well as provide analytical accounting for temporary differences. They must be reflected differentiated by the types of those assets and liabilities in respect of which this temporary difference arose.
The rules for reflecting information on permanent and temporary differences in accounting and the method of maintaining analytical accounting of temporary differences should be fixed in the accounting policies of the organization.
Let's consider the procedure for forming in accounting the indicators provided for by PBU 18/02.
Permanent tax assets and liabilities(PNO and PNA)
Permanent tax assets and liabilities are formed due to the appearance of permanent differences between accounting and tax accounting data.
Constant differences- these are income and expenses that affect the formation of accounting profit (loss), but are not taken into account when determining the tax base for income tax for both the reporting and subsequent reporting periods.
Permanent differences are also income and expenses that are taken into account when determining the tax base for the profit tax of the reporting period, but are not recognized for accounting purposes as income and expenses of both the reporting and subsequent reporting periods.
Permanent differences arise if:
- any expenses are taken into account when forming the financial result in accounting in full, and for tax accounting purposes they are normalized (representation expenses, advertising expenses, expenses for creating reserves for doubtful debts, etc.);
- any expenses are accepted in tax accounting, but in accounting do not affect the formation of the financial result;
- the organization transferred its property (goods, works, services) free of charge. When calculating the tax base for income tax, expenses associated with the gratuitous transfer of property, including the residual value of fixed assets and intangible assets, are not taken into account. In accounting, these amounts are reflected as expenses;
- there remains a loss from previous years, which after 10 years cannot be accepted for tax purposes (Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- other differences appeared between accounting and tax accounting data.
Permanent tax liability (PNO)- this is the amount of tax that leads to an increase in income tax payments in the reporting period.
Permanent tax asset (PTA), on the contrary, reflects a decrease in income tax.
Permanent tax liabilities and assets are formed in the reporting period in which the permanent difference arose.
The amount of the permanent tax liability (asset) is equal to the product of the permanent difference and the income tax rate in effect at the reporting date.
Organizations reflect permanent tax liabilities and assets in their accounting on account 99 sub-account “Permanent tax liabilities/assets” in correspondence with account 68 sub-account “Calculations for income tax”:
Debit 99 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” - a permanent tax liability has been accrued (PNO);
Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 99 - a permanent tax asset has been accrued.
Temporary differences, deferred tax asset and IT
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are formed if temporary differences arise between accounting and tax accounting.
Temporary differences are income and expenses that form accounting profit (loss) in one reporting period, and the tax base for income tax in another or other reporting periods.
Temporary differences are divided into:
- for deductible temporary differences;
- taxable temporary differences.
Deductible temporary differences are formed if any expenses in accounting in the reporting period reduced the accounting profit, and in tax accounting they will be accepted only in the next reporting (tax) period or even later. For example, if:
- in the reporting period, depreciation for accounting purposes was accrued in a larger amount than in tax accounting;
- the organization uses different methods of recognizing commercial and administrative expenses in the cost of products sold (goods, works, services) for accounting and tax purposes;
- The organization uses the cash method to calculate income tax and at the end of the reporting period it has accounts payable for purchased goods (work, services). The amount of this debt is recognized in accounting as part of the organization's expenses when the acquired property (work, services) is accepted for accounting, and in tax accounting - only after payment.
The occurrence of a deductible temporary difference leads to the appearance deferred tax asset(SHE). The amount of the deferred tax asset increases the profit tax in the reporting period (at the time of its occurrence) and reduces the profit tax in the following or subsequent reporting (tax) periods.
Deferred tax asset are formed in the reporting period when deductible temporary differences arise. The amount of the deferred tax asset is equal to the product of the deductible temporary difference and the income tax rate in effect at the reporting date.
Organizations reflect deferred tax assets in their accounting on account 09 “Deferred tax assets” in correspondence with account 68 sub-account “Calculations for income tax”:
Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” - deferred tax asset accrued.
Organizations are given the right to independently decide how detailed they need to maintain analytical accounting when reflecting deferred tax assets. The chosen method should be fixed in the accounting policy. Analytical accounting of deferred tax assets should be structured in such a way that it is possible to determine what caused the deductible temporary difference.
Example 1
On November 20, 2013, the organization accepted for accounting an item of fixed assets with an initial cost of 750,000 rubles. with a useful life of 5 years. The income tax rate is 20%.
For accounting purposes, an organization calculates depreciation using the reducing balance method, and for the purpose of determining the tax base for income tax - using the straight-line method.
The amount of depreciation accrued during the fourth quarter of 2013, according to accounting data, amounted to 38,900 rubles, according to tax accounting - 37,500 rubles.
Thus, the deductible temporary difference amounted to 1,400 rubles. (RUB 38,900 – RUB 37,500).
The deferred tax asset is calculated as follows:
1400 rub. x 20% = 280 rub.
The formation of ONA in accounting is reflected by the posting:
- 280 rub. - deferred tax asset accrued.
According to the norms of PBU 18/02, an organization can generally abandon detailed analytical accounting of deferred tax assets if it is not particularly difficult for it to track the movement of these amounts based on the existing analytics of deductible temporary differences.
As deductible temporary differences decrease or are fully settled, deferred tax assets will decrease or be fully settled.
The repayment amount is reflected in the accounting records as follows:
Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 09 - repaiddeferred tax asset.
If there is no taxable profit in the current reporting period, but it is probable that it will arise in subsequent reporting periods, then the amounts of the deferred tax asset remain unchanged until the reporting period when taxable profit arises in the organization.
If the accounting object in connection with which the deferred tax asset was accrued is disposed of, the balance of the outstanding deferred tax asset is written off to account 99 “Profits and losses”:
Debit 99 Credit 09 - deferred tax asset written off.
Taxable temporary differences arise if, as a result of any business transactions, the tax base for income tax is reduced, and accounting profit will be reduced by this amount in the next reporting period or in subsequent periods. For example, if:
- in the reporting period in accounting, depreciation was accrued in a smaller amount than in tax accounting;
- The organization applies the cash method for the purpose of calculating income tax and accounts receivable are included in its accounting, the amount of which is included in income when forming IT accounting profit, and in tax accounting will be recognized as income after receiving payment from the buyer (customer).
The occurrence of taxable temporary differences leads to the formation deferred tax liabilities (DTL). They lead to a decrease in the amount of income tax in the current reporting period (at the time it arises) and to an increase in income tax in the following or subsequent reporting (tax) periods.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized in the reporting period in which taxable temporary differences arise. IT is calculated as the product of the taxable temporary difference and the income tax rate in effect at the reporting date. In accounting, IT is reflected by posting:
Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 77 - deferred tax liability accrued.
Example 2
On September 25, 2013, the organization accepted for accounting an item of fixed assets with an initial cost of 480,000 rubles. with a useful life of 5 years. The income tax rate is 20%.
For accounting purposes, the organization calculates depreciation using the straight-line method, and for the purpose of determining the tax base for income tax, using the non-linear method.
The amount of depreciation accrued during the fourth quarter of 2013 was:
- according to accounting data - 24,000 rubles,
- according to tax records - 48,000 rubles.
The taxable temporary difference amounted to RUB 24,000. (48,000 rubles – 24,000 rubles).
The deferred tax liability is calculated as follows:
24,000 rub. x 20% = 4800 rub.
In accounting, the formation of deferred tax liabilities is reflected by the posting:
Debit 68 Credit 77
- 4800 rub. - deferred tax liability has been accrued.
An organization may not accrue deferred tax liabilities for each temporary difference that arises and not reflect them in detail in accounting, but rather determine their value based on the final data on the amount of taxable temporary differences formed during the reporting period.
As taxable temporary differences decrease or are fully settled, deferred tax liabilities will decrease or be fully settled.
Amounts by which deferred tax liabilities are reduced or fully repaid in the reporting period are reflected in the accounting records by posting:
Debit 77 Credit 68 - deferred tax liability repaid.
If the accounting object in connection with which the deferred tax liability was accrued is disposed of, the amount of the incompletely repaid tax liability is written off to the credit of account 99 “Profits and losses”:
Debit 77 Credit 99 - deferred tax liability written off.
If the legislation provides for different income tax rates for certain types of income, then when forming a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability, the income tax rate must correspond to the type of income that leads to a decrease or complete repayment of the deductible or taxable temporary difference in the subsequent period following the reporting period. subsequent reporting periods.
Conditional expense (conditional income) and current income tax
PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax calculations” introduced the concept of “conditional expense (conditional income) for income tax.” This is the amount calculated as the product of the financial result according to accounting data and the income tax rate.
The conditional expense (conditional income) for income tax is reflected in accounting in account 99 “Profits and losses” subaccount “Conditional income tax expense/income”. The conditional income tax expense is accrued by posting:
Debit 99 Credit 68 - reflects the amount of conditional income tax expense.
The amount of conditional income tax is reflected as follows:
Debit 68 Credit 99 - accrued conditional income for income tax.
Current income tax PBU 18/02 refers to the amount of conditional income tax expense (income), adjusted to the amount of permanent tax liability (asset), increase or decrease in deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability of the reporting period. It is calculated by the formula:
Npr = +(–)UN + PNO– PNA +(–) SHE + +(–) IT,
where Npr is the current income tax;
UN - conditional expense (conditional income);
PNO - permanent tax liability;
PNA - permanent tax asset;
OTA - deferred tax asset;
IT is a deferred tax liability.
The current income tax calculated in accounting must be equal to the income tax calculated according to tax accounting data.
According to paragraph 22 of PBU 18/02, an organization can determine the amount of current income tax in one of two ways:
- calculate the amount of current income tax based on data generated in accounting in accordance with paragraphs 20 and 21 of PBU 18/02 (that is, based on the amount of conditional expense or conditional income tax income, adjusted for the amount of permanent and deferred tax assets and obligations);
- calculate the amount of current income tax based on the income tax return.
The organization must establish the method for determining the amount of the current income tax in its accounting policies. Moreover, no matter which method she chooses, the amount of the current income tax must be equal to the amount of income tax reflected in the tax return. In addition, all organizations must, as before, make accounting entries for the formation of the amount of conditional expense (conditional income) for income tax, as well as the amounts of permanent tax assets and liabilities and deferred tax assets and liabilities. The amount of the current income tax from the tax return can only be used to determine the amount of certain tax amounts provided for by PBU 18/02. Thus, if such indicators as conditional expense (conditional income) for income tax, permanent tax liabilities (assets) and current income tax for the reporting period are known, you can easily calculate the amount of deferred taxes.
Example 3
LLC "Saratov Expanses" determines the amount of the current income tax in the first way. In the organization, the financial result (profit) revealed at the end of the reporting period according to accounting data amounted to 250,000 rubles.
In the reporting period, Saratov Spaces LLC identified the following differences:
As a result, the following tax assets and tax liabilities were formed:
To simplify the example, let’s assume that at the beginning of the reporting period there were no balances on accounts 09 and 77.
We calculate the conditional income tax expense:
250,000 rub. x 20% = 50,000 rub.
Let's do the wiring:
Debit 99 subaccount “Conditional income tax expense/income” Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
We check the compliance of tax accounting data with accounting data. To do this, it is convenient to use the formula:
NB = FR + (–) PR + VVR – NVR,
where NB is the tax base for income tax;
FR - financial result according to accounting data (if a loss is received, its amount must be taken with a minus sign);
PR - constant differences;
VVR - deductible temporary differences;
TVR - taxable temporary differences.
In this case, you should pay attention to the following. If a permanent difference has arisen due to the fact that when carrying out any business transaction in accounting, expenses are recognized in a larger amount than in tax accounting, then the amount of the permanent difference is added to the amount of the financial result. If, on the contrary, the difference arises due to the fact that expenses in tax accounting are recognized in a larger amount than in accounting, the amount of the permanent difference is deducted.
In our example, LLC “Saratov Expanses” has a tax base for income tax of:
250,000 rub. + 500 rub. + 800 rub. – 7500 rub. = 243,800 rub.
The current income tax is:
RUB 243,800 x 20% = 48,760 rub.
This tax amount is calculated in the income tax return.
When reflecting tax assets and tax liabilities in accounting, the following entries were made:
- 100 rub. - a permanent tax liability has been accrued;
Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
- 160 rub. - deferred tax asset accrued;
Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 77
- 1500 rub. - deferred tax liability accrued;
Debit 99 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
- 50,000 rub. - a contingent income tax expense has been accrued.
Thus, at the end of the reporting period, LLC “Saratov Spaces” had a credit balance of the subaccount “Income Tax Calculations” of account 68:
50,000 rub. + 100 rub. + 160 rub. – 1500 rub. = 48,760 rub.
As can be seen from the example, the amount of current income tax accrued according to accounting data is equal to the amount of tax reflected in the declaration.
Review of the latest changes in taxes, contributions and wages
You have to restructure your work due to numerous amendments to the Tax Code. They affected all major taxes, including income tax, VAT and personal income tax.
When checking the correctness of income tax calculations, I recommend using the report “Analysis of the state of tax accounting for income tax”.
In this report, the “Income” and “Expenses” blocks are formed according to the accounting register and can be further deciphered, but the “Adjustment (PNO, PNA, ONO, ONA)” block is not decrypted.
If you have discrepancies in this report, then first of all check the completeness of the “Other Income and Expenses” sub-account for 91 accounts - there should not be empty sub-accounts.
From my own experience, I will say that problems with temporary differences in 1C exist, they cannot arise out of nothing, and it happens that accounting statements create a temporary difference, but IT or SHE does not form a regulatory operation, here I am inclined that the error is somewhere here, but it must be said that standard documents in 1C (except for Advice in the corporate accounting department) do not lead to errors in ONO and ONA; rather, these are accounting errors. I have not encountered any errors with the formation of PNO and PNA due to constant differences.
To decipher these amounts, you can open the “Income Tax Calculation Help”
A “Certificate for income tax calculation” will be generated:
But it is difficult to analyze and can only be formed in a month, so the following report was made:
The “According to self-supporting” block is similar to the block "Adjustment (PNO, PNA, ONO, ONA)" report “Analysis of the state of tax accounting for income tax” and by clicking the right mouse button you can get a detailed breakdown by subaccount:
I erased the meaning of the decryptions in the image so that I would not be accused of revealing a trade secret, but your decryption will be generated correctly.
This report can be used when checking the closure of the month, but the data will still be decrypted correctly in the event of automatic generation of IT, ON, PNO, PNA by a routine operation.
You can also try to decipher the obligations directly from the accounting register; for this I made two more reports, they decipher the turnover of accounts 90 and 91 for PR and VR.
Explanation of PNO and PNA according to Self-supporting:
Explanation of ONO and ONA according to Self-supporting:
In version 2.0 there was a report “Help calculation of Permanent and temporary differences”, and I wanted to make a similar report for 3.0 for temporary differences, but I need to make a reservation that this report will give an error due to rounding errors, because in 1c differences are calculated according to Types of assets, and not by assets themselves. The report is called "Help calculation of deferred tax assets and liabilities"
