Sawing wood is a cycle of actions using a variety of technologies aimed at obtaining lumber from round timber suitable for further use in industry. The duration and labor intensity of the process depend on the chosen method of processing round timber, as well as the time of year.

Tool and equipment

Trunks and large-sized branches go into production. All material is divided into groups according to the thickness and presence of bark. Often, wood processing enterprises have workshops near the harvesting site, in which machines are installed for the initial processing of wood.

Manual debarking of the forest

The wood that has not passed the debarking stage can be used on the construction of floors or as a ridge beam in the corresponding interior, or as a supporting device during construction.

Industrial debarking

If another option for using the tree is planned, then sawing is carried out, resulting in the following segments:

• unedged and semi-edged (rough material from which the bases of the floor, walls or ceiling are mounted);
• edged (designed for finishing flooring).

The cut can be carried out by an outsourced organization that has all the necessary tools.

Tree sawing map

The rational use of the material is ensured by compliance with the sawing map. This allows you to reduce the cost due to waste, the percentage of which the card can significantly reduce. The used tools and types of forest processing equipment depend on the volume, desired quality and size of the finished lumber.

Most often use a circular saw and various machines:

• the circular saw allows you to make precise cuts of various directions. Suitable for both professional and home use, perfectly copes with the diameter of the round timber above the average;
• chainsaw;
• machines for clean removal of bark;
• sawing on a band sawmill makes it possible to process dense logs, it is considered the most popular, since the output is high-quality material and a small amount of waste;
• disk machine: production of two-edged timber and unedged boards;
• a frame sawmill does not need a foundation, the technology with its use allows you to install equipment in close proximity to the cutting site;
• the thinner is processed by universal machines, the output gives high-quality building materials even from low-grade whips;
• sawing round timber at a large woodworking enterprise should be carried out with the largest amount of sawn timber, which differs from the rest in special quality and exact dimensions. For this purpose, special lines are installed for sawing.

At the sawmill, a beam and an edged board are obtained due to the cut of a log up to 7 m long and 15-80 cm in diameter along the longitudinal line. The circular saw has one or more discs, it processes different diameters of the forest according to their number.

If at home it is necessary to process a small amount of wood, then you can use a regular chainsaw.

cutting wood

Before choosing a tool, you need to decide on the type of cut, focusing on the annual rings of the log. There are several types:

• radial (along the radius);
• tangential (the cut is parallel to one radius, touches the annual rings);
• the fibers are arranged parallel to the cut being made.

Among the cutting methods, the one that is most suitable for a particular case is selected:

1. Razval. Sawing wood in this way is carried out for deciduous trees with a small trunk thickness, it is considered the simplest processing. Exit: unedged elements and slabs.
2. If there is another woodworking machine, then it is possible to cut up to 65% of the material to produce edged boards of the same width. First, a two-edged timber and boards are sawn from the sides, and then a certain amount of edged lumber is obtained from the timber.
3. More specific methods are sector and segment sawing. The number of elements in the first method varies from 4 to 8, and depends on the thickness of the trunk. After separation, elements are sawn from each sector along a tangential or radial line. The second method begins with the exit of the beam from the central part, and boards are sawn from the side segments in a tangential direction.
4. For individual sawing of wood, the circular method is suitable. It is based on turning the log along the longitudinal line by 90° after each sawn board. This allows you to monitor the quality of wood and timely remove the affected areas of the trunk.

Handmade: chainsaw application

For home cutting of several trunks, it is not advisable to purchase a tool whose cost is several times higher than the price of finished products. If you have the necessary skill, then it is more efficient and cheaper to do all the necessary work with a conventional chainsaw, or chain equipment powered by electricity. Of course, such work requires much more physical costs and time, but the price of the issue is significantly reduced.

Work on the garden plot requires pruning fruit trees, and it also becomes possible to additionally produce material for outbuildings without resorting to the services of specialists, so any prudent owner would prefer to buy a chainsaw. Most often, conifers are harvested for the home, and this tool does an excellent job of sawing them. Thanks to even trunks, it is easier to outline the cut lines, which increases the speed of work. Professionals, by the way, most often use a chainsaw, since it is more powerful than an electric one and you can use it anywhere, regardless of whether there is a cutting or sawing of power supplies at the site.

To work with a chainsaw on cutting logs, you will need such a device as a nozzle on the saw, as well as saw cut guides and base-trunk fixers. The nozzle in the form of a frame is attached to the tool so that it remains possible to adjust the distance between the chain and the frame itself. This is done to enable the output of finished lumber, different in thickness. For the role of the guide, you can take either a profile of the desired length, or a flat wooden plank with sufficient rigidity. A special chain is selected for the tool, designed to cut the trunk along. Its difference from the rest is in the teeth, sharpened at a certain angle.

Before starting work, it is necessary not only to prepare all the necessary tools. Regardless of whether a woodworking machine or a manual device is intended for processing the trunk, the first step is to familiarize yourself with the cut map. This is done in order to minimize the percentage of waste, and increase the yield of useful products.

The first thing you need to worry about when ripping is the uniform density of the finished boards. To do this, a competent sawmiller directs the tool from the east side of the log to the west, or in the opposite direction. This is due to the greater density of round timber in its northern part than in the southern.

Next, the slab is removed from both sides with a chainsaw in such a way as to obtain a two-edged beam. It, in turn, is sawn in accordance with the sawing scheme chosen at the beginning of the work. The output gives an unedged board. If there is a certain percentage of defects in the trunk, then a circular cut is possible with the trunk turning at a right angle or 180 °.

Quantity of finished material, cut price

The output of useful material from coniferous and hardwood differs in percentage terms. For lumber obtained from coniferous trees, the following indicators are characteristic:

• provided that the operation is carried out by a professional and a sawmill is used, the percentage of finished wood will be the highest (80-85%);
• edged material, which is given by machines, averages 55-70%;
• unedged board when working with a chainsaw leaves up to 30% of waste.

The figures are given without taking into account the finished rejected wood, the amount of which can reach 30%. However, such material is used for products that allow a certain marriage.

Deciduous round timber gives 60% of the finished unedged wood and about 40% of the trimmed wood. This is due to the initial curvature of the round timber. You can increase the amount of products received: this will require woodworking machines of various kinds. A certain kind of fixture can increase the amount of lumber by 10-20%. For one cube of lumber, you will need about 10 cubes of hardwood round timber. The price of installing additional equipment will pay off the cost of the finished forest. Special lines give more volume, but their use is advisable only on a large area. The average price of sawing wood at a conventional sawmill will be approximately 150-180 rubles per cubic meter of boards.

sawing map

The sawing map is a calculation of the optimal amount of finished lumber from one log. It can be calculated independently for each specific log diameter, or you can use a computer program that greatly facilitates the calculation, and the price of which is quite affordable.

Or the source can be a regular guide to sawmilling. The result is a table that is taken as a basis. The sawmill must always be oriented to its data, in order to obtain more lumber of any kind of wood.