Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin can rightfully be considered the greatest Russian poet who opened a golden page in the history of Russian literature.

His lyrics are multi-dark and multifaceted, but love and friendship occupy a special place in it, since these feelings accompanied the poet throughout his life; they were the main sources of his inspiration. Over time, the poet's view and attitude towards them changed, but he carried loyalty to these ideals through his whole life.

1. The range of his friendly affections is very wide - from simple, purely external friendship to high, fearless, sometimes sacrificial friendship. Pushkin brotherly loved Delvig, Kuchelbeker, the witty Vyazemsky, Ryleev, but Chaadaev occupied a very special place among the poet's friends. Friendship with Chaadaev was for Pushkin not just a worldly affection, but, above all, a symbol of noble, freedom-loving ideas. With particular force, the poet expressed this in the poem "To Chaadaev."

The poem "To Chaadaev" was written in 1818. During these years, Pushkin was in St. Petersburg. The reasons that prompted Pushkin to turn to a friend with an appeal to dedicate “souls of wonderful impulses” to the Fatherland are hatred for autocracy and the desire for freedom. In this poem, you can still hear the youthful lyceum enthusiasm.

Pyotr Chaadaev was an intelligent and educated man. Pushkin met him as a lyceum student in Tsarskoye Selo. Chaadaev was then a life hussar. He took part in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army and in the Battle of Borodino. Pushkin was attracted by the nature of Chaadaev and his brilliant mind.

Reading this poem, we notice how great Pushkin's desire for freedom and equality is. But various statements of the author help us not only to understand the desire for freedom, but to feel the danger of this desire: on the one hand, an ardent desire for freedom, on the other, “fatal power”.

... ^ But desire still burns in us,

Under the yoke of fatal power

With an impatient soul

Fatherland heed the invocation ...

^ Comrade, believe: she will rise,

Star of captivating happiness.

Russia will wake up from sleep...

And now the framework of the poem is expanding: before us are all those whose names really entered the history of the liberation of Russia.

The poem "To Chaadaev" is an artistic poetic work. It is imbued with a sense of freedom and love for the Fatherland, and this feeling is the main thing in Pushkin's life.

Among the best friends of Pushkin's lyceum youth, I. I. Pushchin occupied a special place. He was not a poet, like Delvig or Kuchelbecker, he was connected with Pushkin not only by general literary interests. This was the FRIEND to whom Pushkin more willingly than others confided the worries and anxieties of his young heart. When Pushkin found out about the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, he took the news very hard. With a message to Siberia, he sends poems to Pushchin:

^ My first friend, my priceless friend!

And I blessed fate

When my yard is secluded

covered in sad snow,

Your bell has rung.

Gives the same comfort

May he illuminate the prison

Beam lyceum clear days.

Only ten lines! But how much is said in them! Yes, it was true friendship, noble and true.

2. And, of course, Pushkin could not bypass the eternal theme of love in his work. His love lyrics are a hymn to a feeling that elevates and ennobles a person, it is an expression of boundless respect for a woman.

During the years of exile in Mikhailovskoye, one meeting illuminated the "chained days": Anna Petrovna Kern, a young, beautiful woman, whom Pushkin knew back in St. Petersburg, came to visit Trigorskoye. He met her at the Olenins' house at the beginning of 1819. Even then, Pushkin was fascinated by her beauty and charm.

Thanks to the Meeting with Kern, the poem “I remember a wonderful moment ...” appeared:

I remember a wonderful moment:

^ You appeared before me,

Like a fleeting vision

Like a genius of pure beauty...

The title of the poem speaks for itself. The author from the first lines notifies us that this poem is about the most beautiful of feelings - about love. The love that arose in Pushkin was so pure, so tender, so beautiful and sublime that every educated person, after reading it, is simply overwhelmed with this amazing feeling, falling in love with the one with whom the author introduces us. I think that not everyone can love like A. S. Pushkin loves. Love accompanied him throughout his life. It was not always mutual, but Pushkin did not despair and did not lose heart. Time passed, and Anna Kern left Trigorskoye, leaving unforgettable moments of joy and happiness in the poet's soul, a feeling of love that all generations bow to, and of course, she awakened Pushkin's creative gift. Indeed, before her, the poet's creative life was, as it were, suspended, because it was lonely in Mikhailovsky, and the days of A.S. Pushkin brightened up only his nanny - Arina Rodionovna. But then Anna Kern appeared:

^ Like a fleeting vision,

Like a genius of pure beauty.

Anna Kern left a deep imprint on Pushkin's soul. The great poet wrote fiery letters to this woman more than once, proving his love to her. The image of Anna Kern evoked wonderful memories of the days spent with her in the vicinity of the village of Mikhailovsky and Trigorsky.

Pushkin was a truly great poet who deserves respect. This is proved by his poems, which are priceless works of art.

^ TO CHADAEV

Love, hope, quiet glory

The deceit did not live long for us,

Gone are the funs of youth

Like a dream, like a morning mist;

But desire still burns in us,

Under the yoke of fatal power

With an impatient soul

Fatherland heed the invocation.

We wait with longing hope

Minutes of liberty of the saint,

As a young lover waits

Minutes of true goodbye.

While we burn with freedom

As long as hearts are alive for honor,

My friend, we will devote to the fatherland

Souls wonderful impulses!

Comrade, believe: she will rise,

Star of captivating happiness

Russia will wake up from sleep

And on the ruins of autocracy

Write our names!

I remember a wonderful moment: You appeared before me, Like a fleeting vision, Like a genius of pure beauty.

In the languor of hopeless sadness, In the anxieties of noisy bustle, A gentle voice sounded to me for a long time And sweet features dreamed.

Years passed. The rebellious impulse of the storm Dispelled my former dreams, And I forgot your gentle voice, Your heavenly features.

In the wilderness, in the darkness of confinement My days dragged on quietly Without a deity, without inspiration, Without tears, without life, without love.

The soul has awakened: And here again you appeared, Like a fleeting vision, Like a genius of pure beauty.

And the heart beats in rapture, And for him resurrected again And the deity, and inspiration, And life, and tears, and love.

There are poets and writers who from the first reading become good companions of our life. Every now and then we return to their work, at different stages of our life we ​​discover more and more facets of their talent, memorize something, re-read something many times, finding calm, consolation, confirmation of our views on life in poetry and prose.

Of course, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin also belongs to such authors. His lyrics are truly multifaceted, but there is a theme that occupies a special place in the poet's work - this is the theme of love and friendship. And this is not surprising, because Pushkin was an amazingly sympathetic and noble person; he knew how to see and reveal their best qualities in other people, he had a great gift to find and appreciate the beautiful.

It was friendship that Pushkin put in one of the main places among many other life values. Perhaps he took this attitude back from the lyceum, where a real cult of friendship reigned, where feelings of camaraderie and loyalty to friends were valued above all else. From childhood, feeling like a stranger in his parental home, it was in the Lyceum that the poet found his true home; here he began warm, friendly relations, which he carried through his whole life. Subsequently, no matter how the circumstances developed and wherever his fate threw him, Pushkin never forgot about the day of the lyceum anniversary - October 19th. A real male friendship grew out of youthful affection, which went through many trials, and even in the most difficult moments of his life, the poet in verse turned to his lyceum friends - Delvig, Pushchin, Kuchelbecker, Malinovsky:

My friends, our union is beautiful!

He, like a soul, is inseparable and eternal -

Unshakable, free and carefree

He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses.

Wherever fate takes us,

And happiness wherever it leads

We are all the same: the whole world is a foreign land for us;

Fatherland to us Tsarskoye Selo.

One of such difficult moments came for Pushkin during the days of his exile in Mikhailovsky. Visiting a disgraced poet was not safe, and few dared to do so. Among those who risked bringing big trouble on their heads were Pushkin's old lyceum comrades - Delvig and Pushchin. Being a true friend himself, Pushkin greatly valued devotion and loyalty in those around him. A few years later, he will dedicate the poem “My first friend, my priceless friend” to Pushchin, which he will write after the arrest of Pushchin, who turned out to be involved in the Decembrist conspiracy. This poem will sound like an oath of allegiance, the poet will try to support his comrade in the days of difficult trials that have befallen him.

Sympathy and fidelity to friends are also imbued with another poem by Pushkin, “In the depths of Siberian ores ...”, addressed to the Decembrists languishing in Siberia. Among them were many acquaintances and friends of Pushkin, who fully shared their freedom-loving views. Wanting to encourage his friends and give them hope, the poet writes:

Love and friendship up to you

They will reach through the gloomy gates,

Like in your hard labor holes

My free voice is coming.

Such a manifestation of attention and participation in the fate of the disgraced rebels threatened Pushkin himself with new troubles, which were already enough, given his tense relations with the authorities, but this does not stop Pushkin. He considers it his duty to support his friends, to let them know that their work is not in vain, and their undertakings have not gone unnoticed. Some time later, in 1827, he again turns to his comrades, among whom there are many who suffered for their freedom-loving convictions, in the poem "God help you, my friends ..."

But the years go by, and friends gradually leave. By 1836, when the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the lyceum was celebrated, many of Pushkin's lyceum comrades were no longer alive (like Delvig, for example), while others (like Küchelbecker or Pushchin) were still in exile. Pushkin experiences these losses with bitterness:

Between us, the speech does not flow so playfully,

Spacious, sadder we sit,

And less often laughter is heard among the songs,

And more often we sigh and are silent.

Love, in which Pushkin was as generous as in friendship, was for him an integral part of being, without which life would lose its charm. Love, in the understanding of Pushkin, should not only give pleasure, but also elevate, purify and ennoble a person.

There were many hobbies in the poet's life. Over the years, he experienced enthusiastic and tender feelings for Natalia Goncharova, and for Anna Olenina, and for Anna Kern, and for Amalia Riznich, and for Elizaveta Vorontsova. He devoted many poems to each of them, which in general constitute a real anthem of love. Each of these works figuratively and colorfully conveys the unique, incomparable state of a person in love, with its ups and downs, with transitions from calm, with a touch of sadness, tenderness to sublime, inspiring delight.

Love, even unrequited, rejected, remains, according to Pushkin, a high feeling that ennobles a person. Often the poet turns in his lyrics to the theme of unhappy love. So, for example, the hero of the poem "I loved you ..." did not meet a reciprocal feeling from the beloved woman, who preferred another to him. However, there is not a hint of resentment, bitterness, insulted pride in the words of the rejected lover. On the contrary, his lyrical monologue is imbued with light sadness; he is ready to give up his love if he disturbs his beloved with it, whom he sincerely wishes happiness:

I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,

How God forbid you be loved to be different.

The same light sadness sounds in another poem by Pushkin - “On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night ...”, the hero of which is also separated from his beloved. The poet does not say anything about the reasons for the separation, perhaps it is temporary, or perhaps the hero is never destined to see the one who became for him the embodiment of all the brightest and most beautiful. Another thing is important - along with sadness, happiness clearly appears in the mood of the hero, because to love, even without reciprocity, is real happiness:

And the heart burns again and loves - because

That it cannot love.

In Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova, Pushkin found his ideal of beauty and kindness. It embodied for him the heavenly and the earthly, the eternal and the transient. Some of his most famous lines are dedicated to her:

My wishes have been fulfilled. Creator

Pushkin understood friendship not only as a relationship that arises between two people. “Friendship” for him is a whole circle of people who are close “by fate”, this is “brotherhood”, “our union”, which was formed back in the lyceum. Manifesto of friendship - a stanza from "October 19": My friends, the Naga union is beautiful! He, like a soul, is inseparable and eternal Unshakable, free and carefree He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses ... Pushkin also understood friendship as a "sweet union" that binds poets together.

It is a source of new vivid experiences, it is a spark that ignites a heart that cannot but love. The last lines (“And the heart burns and loves again - because it cannot help but love”) are especially important for understanding the poem and the idea of ​​love that inspired Pushkin’s lyrics: the very need to love is eternal, the feeling arises in the heart as an echo of feminine beauty and harmony. Even someone else's, unknown love can fill the poet's soul with a "strange dream", resurrecting a whole swarm of memories of his own and "someone else's" youth, beauty and happiness ("Flower").

It, like a storm, gave him a powerful source of inspiration, depriving him of his freedom, subjecting him to "rebellious passions." And in the masterpieces of Pushkin's love lyrics (“I remember a wonderful moment ...”, “I loved you ...

In the poem “To Yazykov”, the basis of this union is creativity, inspiration: They are priests of the same muses; A single flame excites them; Alien to each other by fate, They are related by inspiration. In Pushkin's poems about friendship, there is invariably a philosophical motif of fate ("October 19"). Reflections on friends prompted the poet to analyze his own fate, created the psychological and philosophical background of many of his poems.

They capture not only the psychological truth of love experiences, but also express the poet's philosophical ideas about a woman as a source of beauty, harmony, inexplicable pleasures. Pushkin sang the woman.

In numerous poems dedicated to friends and lovers, the poet's understanding of these higher life values ​​was revealed, vivid images of friends and beloved women were created. Friendship and love for Pushkin are companions of youth, they arise in the “whirlwind of young life” and accompany a person all his life. Pushkin's need for companionship, for the understanding and support of his friends, was as unchanging as the need to love and be loved.

Lyceum students scattered all over the world seem to be united in the lyrical world of Pushkin. Friendly participation, friendly support for Pushkin are the highest manifestations of humanity, requiring courage, will, readiness to fulfill one's duty (“I. I. Pushchin”). The strength of friendship is stronger than prison chains, the beam of the lyceum brotherhood is able to dispel the darkness of imprisonment - this is the main idea of ​​the poet. Unlike friendship, in which Pushkin valued constancy and fidelity, love was seen by him as a transient feeling.

”, “On the hills of Georgia ...”) it is about the feelings of the poet, and not about the relationship that connected him with his beloved. Pushkin's love-lyrics are the subject of high poetry. It is as if taken out of everyday life, everyday "prose". Pushkin's poems are not at all a diary of his love victories and defeats.

His “captivating dreams of love” come to life in verses. These are verses-memoirs in which the poet listens sensitively to himself, strives to express in words the psychological uniqueness and at the same time the similarity of his love experiences. It is just as difficult for a poet to talk about her beloved as about absolute beauty or supreme bliss, so the images of a woman are created with the help of comparisons and analogies (“Madona”). Love, "closing" the enumeration of what makes the poet's soul "awaken", as it were, crowns everything that life consists of. It is love that can give a person the highest pleasure.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin can rightfully be considered the greatest Russian poet who opened a golden page in the history of Russian literature.

His lyrics are multi-dark and multifaceted, but love and friendship occupy a special place in it, since these feelings accompanied the poet throughout his life; they were the main sources of his inspiration.
Over time, the poet's view and attitude towards them changed, but he carried loyalty to these ideals through his whole life.

The friendly messages of the lyceum years mostly describe youthful feasts and fun, glorify life for the sake of life. Already at that very time, the motive of brotherhood appears, which will pass through all the work of the poet. Even many years after graduating from the Lyceum, Pushkin remembers all those with whom he studied, and dedicates to them such poems as "October 19" (1825), "God help you, my friends" (1827), "The more often the Lyceum celebrates its holy anniversary" (1831), "It was time: our holiday is young" (1836).

Pushkin addressed several poems to his friend P. Ya. Chaadaev: "To Chaadaev" (1818), "Chaadaev" (1821). In the work of 1821, the author, referring to a comrade, thanks him for his support and instructions:

Looking into the depths of the soul with a strict gaze,

You revived her with advice or reproach.

A special place in Pushkin's work is occupied by a message addressed to his Decembrist friends, "In the depths of the Siberian ores ..." (1827), in which the author wants to morally support the fighters exiled to hard labor. The poet expresses confidence that "mournful labor and thoughts of high aspiration" will not be lost. The poem ends on an optimistic note:

Heavy chains will fall

The dungeons will collapse - and freedom

You will be gladly received at the entrance,

And the brothers will give you the sword.

The poet proclaims loyalty to the ideals of Decembrism in the poem "Arion" (1827): "I sing the old hymns." He will remain true to the ideal of friendship and freedom until the end of his life.

One of the primary sources of inspiration for Pushkin was always love - a feeling that captures his whole being, occupying all his thoughts.

Love for a lyrical hero is a bright, beautiful feeling, it is "sad and easy" to remember him. Indeed, moreover, unfulfilled and unrequited, it was a source of inspiration for Pushkin, which is confirmed by the following lines:

And the heart still burns and loves because

That it cannot love.

Pushkin's love is love for his chosen one, and not for his feelings, so the poet will constantly be enthusiastic about the woman he once loved, albeit unrequitedly:

I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,

How God forbid you be loved to be different.

One of the beautiful works of the poet's love lyrics is the poem "I Remember a Wonderful Moment" (1825), addressed to A.P. Kern, whom the poet met in St. Petersburg, but life separated them:

Years passed. Storms gust rebellious

Scattered old dreams...

The difficult years of exile began in Pushkin's life:

In the wilderness, in the darkness of confinement,

My days passed quietly

Without a god, without inspiration,

No tears, no life, no love.

Love and tears - that's what makes Pushkin exist and create, in spite of any adversity. And so the new summit "awakens" the soul, inspires the writing of this poem. Metaphor ("storms are a rebellious impulse"), comparisons ("like a fleeting vision", "like a genius of pure beauty") - all this helps to enhance imagery and expressiveness. The poem is written in Pushkin's favorite meter - iambic tetrameter. The last lines repeat the first quatrain (ring composition), which indicates the return of feelings.

In Odessa, Pushkin became interested in E. K. Vorontsova. Love for a woman who did not belong to him led to the creation of such poems as "Keep me, my talisman" (1825), "The Burnt Letter" (1825). These poems are full of sadness. The only thing that remains in memory of the feeling is a "letter of love", but you also have to say goodbye to it: "she ordered." And the poet betrays "all his joys" to the fire. The greedy flame took away the last consolation, and the seal left by the “faithful ring” turned into “melted sealing wax”, and the “darling ashes” remained “on the sorrowful chest” as a reminder of the failed happiness. The abundance of pauses, dots gives the work an unsettling mood.

Love and friendship, as the two greatest feelings, pass through the life and work of the poet. It was they who were the source of inspiration, thanks to which the true masterpieces of Pushkin's poetry were born.

In numerous poems dedicated to friends and lovers, the poet's understanding of these higher life values ​​was revealed, vivid images of friends and beloved women were created. Friendship and love for Pushkin are companions of youth, they arise in the “whirlwind of young life” and accompany a person all his life. Pushkin's need for companionship, for the understanding and support of his friends, was as unchanging as the need to love and be loved. Friendship was understood not only as a relationship that arises between two people. “Friendship” for him is a whole circle of people who are close “by fate”, this is “brotherhood”, “our union”, which was formed back in the lyceum. Manifesto of Friendship - a stanza from "October 19":

My friends, the naga union is beautiful!
He, like a soul, is inseparable and eternal
Unshakable, free and carefree
He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses ...

Pushkin also understood friendship as a "sweet union" that binds poets together.
In the poem “To Yazykov”, the basis of this union is creativity, inspiration: They are priests of the same muses; A single flame excites them; Alien to each other by fate, They are related by inspiration. In Pushkin's poems about friendship, there is invariably a philosophical motif of fate ("October 19"). Reflections on friends prompted the poet to analyze his own fate, created the psychological and philosophical background of many of his poems. Lyceum students scattered all over the world seem to be united in the lyrical world of Pushkin.

Friendly participation, friendly support for Pushkin are the highest manifestations of humanity, requiring courage, will, readiness to fulfill one's duty (“I. I. Pushchin”). The strength of friendship is stronger than prison chains, the beam of the lyceum brotherhood is able to dispel the darkness of imprisonment - this is the main idea of ​​the poet. Unlike friendship, in which Pushkin valued constancy and fidelity, love was seen by him as a transient feeling. It, like a storm, gave him a powerful source of inspiration, depriving him of his freedom, subjecting him to "rebellious passions." And in the masterpieces of Pushkin's love lyrics (“…”, “I loved you…”, “On the hills of Georgia…”) it is about the feelings of the poet, and not about the relationship that connected him with his beloved. Pushkin's love-lyrics are the subject of high poetry. It is as if taken out of everyday life, everyday "prose".

Pushkin's poems are not at all a diary of his love victories and defeats. They capture not only the psychological truth of love experiences, but also express the poet's philosophical ideas about a woman as a source of beauty, harmony, inexplicable pleasures. Pushkin sang the woman. His “captivating dreams of love” come to life in verses. These are verses-memoirs in which the poet listens sensitively to himself, strives to express in words the psychological uniqueness and at the same time the similarity of his love experiences. It is just as difficult for a poet to talk about her beloved as about absolute beauty or supreme bliss, so the images of a woman are created with the help of comparisons and analogies (“Madona”). Love, "closing" the enumeration of what makes the poet's soul "awaken", as it were, crowns everything that life consists of. It is love that can give a person the highest pleasure. Love is a symbol of spiritual rebirth. Even the very hope of "late" love is able to reconcile the poet with a gloomy and joyless life.

Hope that a new love is ahead
tallest and brightest
"Elegy"

In the poem “On the Hills of Georgia…” love comes to life not only because the poet remembered his beloved. It is a source of new vivid experiences, it is a spark that ignites a heart that cannot but love. The last lines (“And the heart burns and loves again - because it cannot help but love”) are especially important for understanding the poem and the idea of ​​love that inspired Pushkin’s lyrics: the very need to love is eternal, the feeling arises in the heart as an echo of feminine beauty and harmony. Even someone else's, unknown love can fill the poet's soul with a "strange dream"
resurrecting a swarm of memories
about his own and "someone else's" youth,
about beauty and happiness
("Flower").