Consider two extremely different cars and, using their example, we will see how much warmer it can be in a modern car than in its ancestor thirty years ago and why.

As a first option, let's take an old car - like with its famous aluminum engine. In its arsenal - a massive, slowly warming up carburetor engine, a not very efficient heater and a slit body. The volume of the body, by the way, is quite large and it takes a long time to warm it up. About any additional means of heating the driver and passengers and is not heard. Is that an electrically heated cape on the seat.

The second option - with a relatively powerful naturally aspirated engine and all sorts of nice "warm" options. Compact - therefore, the interior volume is not so large, although in fairness, it must be said that a sedan of the same class has it a little less. Why a crossover? Yes, because on such a compact machine you have to rotate a bunch of gearboxes and transmission shafts under the bottom. At the same time, lubricants and oils thicken from frost. All this loads the engine more and, accordingly, accelerates its warming up.

We go further. A naturally aspirated gasoline engine warms up faster than a diesel or supercharged gasoline engine. "Warm" options - like heated seats, steering wheel and windshield - are not only useful and pleasant for those in the car, but also speed up engine warm-up, as they decently load it through the generator. The load of the on-board electrical network is maximum, the generator is working with might and main, taking power from the motor, and in response it warms up faster. Some modern cars also have a regular electric heater for air passing through the heater into the passenger compartment. This feature is extremely useful in winter.

These two cars, operated in the same conditions, in one case will freeze their owner for a long time, and in the other they will warm them up as quickly as possible. But the use of the heater in both cars should be almost the same, which will be discussed below.

How to heat?

Now let's figure out how to use the heater in the car. The most important thing, and not only in winter, is to guarantee traffic safety.

So, you approach a car swept up in snow and completely from yesterday evening. First of all, you should clean the gap between the driver's door and the body, otherwise snow will fall on the seat. It will literally be sucked in when you start to open the door. Next, you should start the engine and immediately turn on the air flow from the heater to the windshield, setting the maximum temperature. At the same time, one should not be afraid of classic winter glass cracks. After all, the windshield will warm up quite slowly along with the engine. And only if you have a car with an electric heater built into the stove, you should not select the maximum temperature on the control unit.

But if the car has electric glass heating, then you need to turn it on immediately and at full power. The main thing, I conjure you, do not start moving with a half-cleaned glass. Especially in sunny weather, when the frost on the glass plays with thousands of small “diamonds”, literally blinding the driver. In a word, clean the glass with a scraper, special aerosol defrosters, a warm “anti-freeze” brought from home ... But from a place with opaque glass - no, no.

So, we wait for the windshield to be cleaned and only then we start moving. At the same time, the engine continues to warm up, and its heat should be enough to evenly heat the entire interior of the car. You can direct part of the heated air down to your feet. It is useful to do this not only so that the lower limbs do not freeze, but also to dry the car mats, on which snow and water porridge takes up more and more volume in winter. And wet carpets are fogging of glasses, and indeed a nasty atmosphere in the car.

On vehicles with manual heater fan speed control, it makes no sense to use a speed higher than second during warm-up in winter. The air will not have time to heat up, passing through the heater heat exchanger. There will be a lot of noise, a draft, but the air enters the cabin barely heated. In addition, this mode will lead to a slowdown in engine warm-up, which is harmful both for it and for the microclimate in the cabin. While a modern engine with a fuel injection system has not warmed up, its crankshaft speed will be somewhat increased, reaching 1500 -1800 rpm. After that, the RPMs will start to drop down to idle. And if we are forced to wait for the windshield to thaw, sitting in the cabin, then it is useful to maintain a slightly increased engine speed, but not more than 2000 rpm. However, if you are parked in the courtyard of a residential building, then you should not smoke again. It is better to go slowly, even at the lowest speed. And the engine will warm up faster, and the heat will enter the cabin earlier, and you will not cause discomfort to your neighbors.

Switching on at negative temperatures is impractical. However, the car itself will not allow it to be turned on. At the same time, the air conditioner operation indicator (A / C button) may be on, but in reality, at negative temperatures, the electronics will not allow the air conditioner compressor to turn on in order to avoid its breakdown.

Air recirculation - to include or not?

If your task is solely to ensure that the interior is heated as quickly as possible, then the included recirculation can slightly speed up this process. But then you have to solve another problem -. The fact is that in the car it is always very wet from snow on the floor mats, on the clothes of the driver and passengers. Breathing, especially by several people, also greatly humidifies the air in the cabin. Recirculation can be used for a short time while driving, when the car interior is well warmed up, dried up a little, and a smoky KAMAZ is driving in front of you on the road. recirculation mode is turned on if you need to talk to a passenger in a parked car for a while, and it is very cold outside. In this case, recirculation should be combined with a stove turned on at maximum temperature, because an idling engine weakly pumps liquid through the heater.

Autostart and autonomous heaters

The devices are diverse from a technical point of view, but, in fact, they allow you to warm up the car without the participation of the owner. Therefore, the speed of the heating process itself does not play a special role. However, there is another, legal nuance. Environmental requirements in residential areas are becoming more stringent. As follows from the Rules of the Road, parking with a running engine in a residential area is prohibited. So no more than 5 minutes. In other words, a car in the yard with the engine running longer is illegal.

One of the most pressing issues for motorists in the winter season has been and remains the issue of efficient interior heating. And this is not surprising, because when it is -25 degrees outside the window, and things, nevertheless, do not wait, then, willy-nilly, you want to quickly get into such a familiar and warm interior of your favorite car and turn on the seat heating.

Otherwise, you run the risk of freezing as soon as you sit down ... It is at such moments, as a rule, that they remember warm summer days, when everything is easy and simple, comfortable, just outrageously, and birds sing outside the window. That's when the grass is greener, the sun shines brighter, and the spiritual mood of the positive with its waves warms the joyful heart. Immersed in an atmosphere of peace and harmony? This is good, but no matter how much you want it, you still have to return from heaven to the sinful earth and remember that it is winter outside ...

So, let's remember how things are in the winter for most motorists: early in the morning a person leaves the house, starts the car, if he left early, he warms the interior, but if not, he leaves without wasting time, because you need to have time to start work before work children to a kindergarten or school, as a result, the interior is more or less warmed up already upon arrival at the designated end point. What to do? How to be? What can be done in this difficult situation? Let's think logically...

Heating control systems in the car interior

To date, manufacturers provide the following heating control systems for heating the car interior: conventional mechanical and one-, two-, three-zone climate control, as well as programmable electronic climate control.

The problem is that many of our fellow citizens, when buying a car, do not even bother to look into the user manual, and therefore there are often cases when they simply do not know how to use the heating system correctly, excused by the fact that they are allegedly to blame for the fact that they are freezing. , exclusively, a stove, which, according to them, practically does not heat or heats very weakly. That is why it is so important to know the information below...

In fact, the procedure for starting the heating system of a car is no more complicated than the starting system for the car itself, one might even say that it is similar. So, the order is as follows: the owner starts the car, then warms it up, which depends entirely on the heating system installed on board. So, for example, if a mechanical system is installed, then you will have to act as a sensor yourself, that is, decide to turn on the heater immediately or after a certain period of time.

According to statistics, warming up the engine takes an average of fifteen minutes, and heating the cabin for the optimum temperature takes about 30-35 minutes, which is why, as a rule, you have to leave when it is still cool enough in the cabin and only warm up on the way. You ask: “Why is it taking so long? What is the problem?". Everything is simple - the point is the close relationship between the engine cooling system and the stove radiator, and therefore the car interior will not heat up until warm liquid appears in the engine.

This happens as follows: after the heater is turned on, cold air, passing through the stove radiator, begins to enter the cabin already in a warm form, but due to the fact that the liquid has not yet warmed up, and besides, it has already cooled a little, the process of warming up the cabin dragging on...

In the case of a climate control system, after reaching the operating temperature of a certain level for 10-15 minutes, air is slowly supplied to the passenger compartment, and with increasing temperature, the intensity of this process only increases, when the set temperature is reached, the maintenance mode is activated. As a result, the whole cycle takes about 30 minutes.

In addition, it is also important to understand that in order to heat the incoming air flow, the temperature of the climate control system must be 2-2.5 times higher than outside the window, of course, including possible losses, because first you need to warm up the engine to the minimum mark of the sensor. For example, warming up the car itself takes about 10-15 minutes, and it will take another 30 minutes to warm up the interior. These data are approximate and best correspond to an air temperature of -18 degrees Celsius.

Is there any way to speed up this process? And, if possible, in what way? This is what will be discussed below ...

How to speed up the process of warming up the car?

This question is asked by many motorists, especially those who do not have much experience. Who wants to sit in a cold, frozen cabin? Let's figure out how to properly use the heater in winter.

What will the misuse lead to?

Some drivers claim that if the stove is used incorrectly, even the windshield can crack. You may have seen cracked wind deflectors on the dashboard. What is the reason for the appearance of defects? Incorrect heater operating mode selected. Also, this can lead not only to uneven heating of the passenger compartment, but also to problems with the heater itself.

Therefore, it is better not to bring this up and adhere to certain rules for turning on the stove in winter.

Turn on the stove correctly

If you start the engine and the stove was already on, this can lead to the following problems. This often happens if the driver has put autostart in his car. It's a pleasant thing to leave the house and immediately sit in a warm, heated car. But in the end, starting the engine with the stove turned on can lead to breakdown. So imagine that you were left without a normally working heater in the winter and ended up for repairs.

Also, do not turn on the heater immediately after starting the engine, especially if there is a hard minus outside. Heating comes from the fact that the antifreeze in the cooling system gives off heat. As soon as you start the engine, it is cold, and the air will blow cold into the cabin. Therefore, what is the point of turning on the stove to fill the interior with cold air? It just doesn't make sense to turn on the stove until the engine warms up. So let the motor work out and only then turn on the heater. And then you heat up the interior much faster. The engine should reach operating temperature.

Choosing the right mode

Many of our drivers are in a hurry. To quickly heat the interior, they not only rush to turn on the stove, but also immediately select the hottest mode. Only under this condition will your part of the cabin be fiery, and part cold. Will you feel comfortable with such drops? It is unlikely that the body will be hot, and the legs cold. How not to forgive.

Use deflectors correctly. The best option is to first let the heat into your feet. Warm up for a couple of minutes, then direct some of the air to the legs, some to the windshield. So you can definitely avoid cracks on the windshield.

Also consider such a moment as the blowing force. You do not need to immediately turn on the maximum mode on a cold stove. Everything should happen gradually. Start with the first speed, as on the box.

And what about climate control?

If your car has this great modern option, let's take a look at how climate control works in winter. Select the temperature on the display that is optimal for you. If you have a sophisticated climate system, such as three-zone climate control, then you can choose the right temperature for both the driver with the front passenger and those who ride in the back sofa.

If you press the "recirculation in the cabin" button, then you will accelerate the heating of the cabin. Climate control should automatically heat up to the temperature you need and maintain it throughout the trip. If this does not happen, then something is wrong with the system.

What do you want to warm up?

Modern drivers are very fond of comfort, so they install additional options on their cars, for example, heated seats, windshield, etc. Even in a cold cabin, seat heating allows you to immediately feel comfortable. It is turned on immediately after the engine is started.

If one stove is not enough, especially in large cars, they put an additional heater for passengers. Often put in minibuses, as well as taxi drivers and drivers on heavy trucks.

Still, the stove is an extremely important element in the car in winter. It is impossible to drive a car without a normally working heater. This is the guarantee of your health and your safety.

Photos from Internet resources

The oven is one of the most common and necessary household appliances in the kitchen. It allows any hostess to prepare delicious and healthy dishes for the festive table, as well as for the daily meals of the whole family. However, this is a device of increased danger, and it requires compliance with a number of rules during installation, connection and operation.

How to turn on the oven in an electric stove? Both the oven and the electric stove in general are powerful and also quite dangerous appliances. Therefore, each manufacturer tries to make the most detailed and understandable instructions for them.

It must be carefully studied before the first use, and resorted to in the future as needed. What you should pay special attention to:

1. It is important that installation and connection, as well as repairs, if necessary, be entrusted only to qualified specialists.
2. For cooking in the oven, it is recommended to use special refractory dishes (cast iron, ceramic, silicone, etc.).
3. The lowest part of the oven is not intended for cooking, placing a baking sheet or other utensils there, you risk ruining the heater.
4. When setting the temperature regime, listen to the recommendations indicated in the recipe for the dish.
5. After cooking, it is also recommended to ventilate the room from combustion products.

Attention! Before cleaning the oven, be sure to unplug the appliance from the mains. If this simple rule is not observed, there is a risk of electric shock.

First start

First of all, you need to check the contents of the oven and remove everything superfluous from it.

Next, you need to insert the plug into an electrical outlet and set the timer to the desired temperature. If the oven is used for the first time, it is recommended to “burn” it. To do this, the device is heated at a temperature of 120 ° to 150 ° C empty for 20–30 minutes.

You can then open the door and let fresh air in. For further use, after heating to the desired temperature, insert a baking sheet with products.

Attention! When using the oven, be aware of its high heat. Touching its elements without protective gloves may result in severe thermal burns.

After the end of the cooking time, the thermostat knob must be set to the “0” position and the appliance must be disconnected from the mains. When the oven has cooled down, it should be cleaned.

Introduction to basic functions

The main function of the oven is to cook a variety of dishes from meat, poultry, fish, various confectionery products, etc. At the same time, the main advantage of an electric stove compared to a gas stove is the ability to set the exact temperature for cooking a particular dish according to the recipe.

At the same time, most models of electric ovens are equipped with the following elements that provide additional functions:

• Timer;
• Alarm;
• Upper and lower heater.

Both the alarm clock and the timer are set for a certain time required for cooking, but their functional purpose is different. The alarm clock notifies with a sound signal about the expiration of the set time and the readiness of the dish, while the timer turns off the keep warm mode after the end of the time.

The bottom heat is used to prevent the food from burning, it is suitable for cooking foods that do not require high temperatures, such as roasting fruits. Top heating allows you to give pastries an appetizing golden crust.

On the modern market, multifunctional ovens are also offered, which can not only cook food, but can also be used to heat dishes, as well as defrosting and drying food. In this case, weak heating of both heating elements is applied at once.

The medium level is best for even cooking on all sides.

The back wall of the oven in more expensive models can be equipped with a fan, which ensures uniform cooking of several dishes placed at different levels at the same time.

If there are small children in the family, an additional function of automatic or mechanical door locking may be useful.

And also many housewives will like telescopic guides, thanks to which it is easy to remove the grates and baking sheets, which reduces the risk of burns.

Safety regulations

Regardless of the manufacturer of the electric stove and its model, when using the oven, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with and be sure to observe the following basic safety rules:

• Do not leave a working device unattended for a long time;
• It is forbidden to let children near the switched on device;
• It is necessary to clean the oven every time after cooking food in it, having previously disconnected the appliance from the mains;
• For cleaning, use only detergents permitted by the instructions for the device;
• Cool the oven only with the lid closed;
• Do not store flammable substances near the electric stove;
• It is forbidden to use the oven for other purposes, for example, to heat the room;
• In the event of a breakdown, it is forbidden to disassemble and repair the device yourself, you must use the services of repair specialists.

If you follow these simple rules, the oven will serve you for many years and will delight you with delicious and fragrant dishes!

Feedback from ZAZ Tavria (1996)

Calf!

I must say right away that I am writing a review not as a hint when choosing a car - hardly anyone is thinking about buying it now, but just like that - nothing can be done, because of graphomania)))

The review is not the first, so you can judge strictly;)

8 years ago, still young;) 2 years after university I didn’t get bored - had my own small business, brought good money, I had enough money to rent an apartment for women and rebuild 8 after accidents - in short, everything was cool! Until he caused a serious tragedy: he brought ice, goes to Honda, and then 6. Thank God no one but me was seriously injured, only the cars were seriously damaged, the Honda was practically beyond repair. Then there was no CTC, I had to pay both the business and 8 killed for damages and get into debt.

After the clinic, only debts remain, you need to do something, and here you meet friends who are already tired of selling their Ukrainian magic. So, I came to see - Taurus, they need 20 tr. – You won’t get a regular Eye for such a lot of money, but here you will get almost 8))), the mileage is only 40 km, there is no rye – 15 people fell into your hands))).

The seats are a little smaller than eight, the interior is somewhere between the last and the sixth: the seats are not traditional, but not the eighth, although those who travel short distances are better and larger. A torpedo is a primitive pinnacle: it's actually a whole piece of cheap plastic, instrumented only with a speedometer, temperature gauge, fuel, and a few light bulbs - that's it! A stretchable screen is a good solution for shelves because it does not make noise. The control of the stove, as far as I remember, is never easier: one damper control (face and glass), legs - just a cover after the radiator: open - blowing, closed - no, 2 fan speeds are buzzing and very loud, and the slider opens the tap on the stove .

Appearance - decreased by 8, and everyone saw it - I don’t want to describe it.

The engine is weak. Despite the fact that the car is light, you can only talk about dynamics at speeds up to 60, the maximum that I squeezed out is 140, and then it falls and is terrible for reasons - I will write below. Only 5th line Transition 90 less, reason below.

Of course, the insulation, which is not at all, but on the way, up to 80, neither the engine nor the box can be heard at all! The car seemed to be rolling on its own and there was a weird feeling on any speaker - like you were just rolling down a small hill in a subdued car - my friends all chained me up - start the engine! But at idle they thundered, at idle they always floated, some regulation of Taurida carburet was almost inferior to him, the damage was for Solex.

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Apart from the trunk lid there was nothing to boom, but the last one started everything - the regulation defied if you make the lock tight, he discovered on the cones.

Some brakes were present)))

Audit control Tavriya

Servo damper in winter-summer and air connection to the legs.

Why doesn't it work bake? (from a to z) | Infernal Tavria

In this video I'll tell you why you can't tell bake. Subscribe!)

It was difficult to manage - and they drove cement into the trunk, and with folding seats they placed up to 10 (!) Drunk friends, and they did not choose the road, withstood it, brought her longing!

Our city is small, traffic jams are only in the center during rush hour, so the average consumption was ridiculous - about 6 liters, but the ride was extremely melancholy.

6. I had to go to Chelyabinsk for service and spare parts, and there I found only one tent on the market with spare parts for this brand, which were underestimated, and you will not understand what quality is very inconvenient.

7. Breakouts over 20,000 miles that I remember:

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• He tightened up his correct pivot - his great three-bearing design that allowed him to repair forever - disassembly and reassembly of new roller bearings (I inherited a few dead grenades from previous owners) but it didn't last long. Tired, bought a new grenade, cost 15 times more than VAZ, and after a month there was no anger. But, in honor of this design, even on fragile bearings, the car was not immobilized and could move slowly.
• The front wheel bearings were buzzing, but luckily they were the same as the rear ones on the 8th so they were inexpensive.
• The rear springs burst - the upper branches broke off. I didn't, but I left.
• The engine is something between the classic and the 81st - a transverse arrangement, an aluminum block with fixed sleeves, very similar to the 8th, but small and long, like a classic, with a valve drive through the rocker arms! I wonder what kind of feeling and the most unfortunate?! Noisily no one agreed to regulate the gaps - and left
• The thermostat died and changed. Thank God I got quality.
• In addition, no one took responsibility for adjusting the descent for any money, I had to put everything on my eyes, as a result, the car ate the rubber and went only at a speed of more than 100!
• Despite the low mileage, the ball and eyes were with a gap, the silent blocks were in poor condition, but the memory of the excellent quality of the purchased grenade scared away the desire to change something, and the money for it it was a pity preferred a leisurely ride.
• Composite wheels are the pinnacle of everything: almost impossible to balance, had to come up with such a nasty design?!

Due to the poor condition of the suspension and wheels, the car allowed speeds up to 100 km / h, and in 100 trips it became a continuous fishing trajectory!

Bake this is something: despite the primitive design, frying (not afraid of the word) is scary! The valve drive was broken, resulting in 2 positions open and closed. In the open state, blowing itself out even at 30 (if it was possible to start it), I had to open the window to lower the temperature! And on the cones, she opened the lid of the stove at her feet, and then in general - security! This is Taurida bake!

Weak but shining where you need to be! Although not bright, but far lit road far ahead and evenly - I really liked it! I never understood the hobby of homemade xenons - why do we need a bright light that shines for you, you don’t know where ?! Better not light, but the right beam, shining as far as the eye can see, and evenly - that's how Taurus was.

Six months later, he more or less rose to his feet and bought a 9-ku with a broken engine. They put in a new motor (it came out very lively, by the way!), they gave it a good shake. I remember picking it up after the repair. Bright first impressions: how much strength I have under my foot! What a power-hungry suspension that holds the road - 140 - it's light and strong, and holds up like a ruler! It's funny, but after Taurus, I felt exactly the same feeling! The real forks, the rattling of the leather, the dashboard and the noisy engine on the move all ruined the feel a bit, but still it's just a much better car!