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Famous throughout Russia for its beautiful sights: monasteries, churches, temples, as well as unique natural places, for good reason, a visit to this ancient city is included in the most popular tourist route in Russia - the Golden Ring. We will tell about the most significant sights of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky in this article.

The city of Pereslavl-Zalessky is located one hundred and forty kilometers from the capital of Russia, in the Yaroslavl region, right on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo. About the city, we can say with confidence that in it, one of the few, the unique atmosphere of medieval Rus' has been preserved: quiet and provincially calm, which attracts numerous tourists from Russia and European countries to Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Pereslavl Kremlin- is located in the historical center of the city, which was moved here in the twelfth century by Yuri Dolgoruky. The Kremlin is surrounded by a ring of earthen ramparts, eight meters high. The length of the Kremlin building is eight hundred meters, and the width is six hundred meters. On the territory there are several temples, ancient buildings, as well as modern one-story buildings.

Transfiguration Cathedral- the most significant ancient building located on the territory of the Kremlin and which is the decoration of the Red Square of Pereslavl-Zalessky. The white-stone temple was erected on the spot where the famous commander Alexander Nevsky was born on May 30, 1220, who later became famous for successful military campaigns to the Baltic Sea, as well as a triumphant victory in the Battle of the Ice. The cathedral is a rare example of ancient Russian stone architecture. Despite the fact that now the cathedral is undergoing restoration, the entrance for visitors is allowed, although it is paid.

Goritsky monastery- was founded at the beginning of the fourteenth century by Ivan Kalita, but in 1744 for some unknown reason was abolished. Today, Pereslavl-Zalessky State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve is located here - one of the main attractions of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky. On the large territory of the museum, visitors get acquainted with the interiors of majestic churches, and from the bell tower, admire the views of the ancient city and its environs. Entrance to the territory is carried out with a ticket purchased at the box office. It is worth noting right away that the churches are already in need of restoration, but visitors can admire the old buildings, with the original wall painting, monastic and church utensils, in their present form, not changed or distorted during the restoration. By the way, the cathedral was built in a very unusual style for our country - the Italian Baroque.

Nikitsky monastery- was founded in 1010, at a time when the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky was located near the Alexander Hill. As you already understood, this monastery is already a thousand years old, and it is one of the most ancient monasteries in Russia. The foundation of this monastery is also mentioned in the Book of Powers: Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich gave the Rostov-Suzdal region to reign to his son Boris, and he, together with Bishop Hilarion, founded the first church buildings on Pleshcheyevo Lake in order to establish Christianity in the then pagan lands. The monastery was often rebuilt and supplemented with various buildings: thanks to the powerful walls, this monastery became a real fortress, where local residents fled from enemy raids. Today, this is the most beautiful monastery of Pereslavl, which is included in the program of mandatory visits to many excursion tours of the Golden Ring of Russia.

Smolensk-Korniliev Church- arose in 1764, on the site of the Borisoglebsky monastery on the Sands, which in turn was founded in 1252, after the Tatar invasion of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky and the burial of the local governor Zhidislav here. The main heyday of the monastery fell on the sixteenth century, but already from the beginning of the seventeenth century, it was plundered by the Poles, according to the annals of that time, "ruining the monastery beyond recognition." After that, it was neglected for some time and began to be restored in 1642, thanks to Hieromonk Adrian, who managed this monastery. The Borisoglebsky Monastery is associated with the name of St. Cornelius the Silent, revered in the city of Pereslavl, who left his father's house, settled in Lukian's Hermitage, and then moved to this monastery, taking a lifelong vow of silence. He died in 1693, after putting on the schema. Now, only one church has survived from the monastery, built in the period from 1694 to 1705.

Fedorovskaya Chapel "Cross"- this historical landmark of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky, located to the left of the highway, leading from Moscow. This beautiful snow-white patterned tent chapel dedicated to the Great Martyr Fyodor Stratilat is a wonderful monument of Russian architecture of the seventeenth century, was built on the birthplace of the youngest son of Tsar Ivan the Terrible - Tsarevich Fyodor - the future Russian Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich the Blessed, who became the last representative of the Rurik dynasty. It was like this: Tsar Ivan the Terrible was very fond of visiting ancient Pereslavl, coming here on a pilgrimage or hunting. In 1557, he took his wife, Anastasia Romanovna Zakharyina-Yuryeva, who was in her last month of pregnancy, on a trip. On May 11, in the suburbs of the city of Pereslavl, in the village of Sobilovo, she gave birth to a son. By decree of the tsar, an Orthodox cross was erected at the birthplace of his last son, which was to be looked after by the monks of the Fedorovsky monastery located nearby.

When Polish troops invaded Russian lands during the Time of Troubles, the memorial royal cross was destroyed. And today's stone chapel was built in the seventeenth century. Time passed, and by the beginning of the nineteenth century, the chapel was noticeably aged and dilapidated, in need of restoration work, which was done in 1889. Today, the building attracts numerous tourists with its romantic appearance, including newlyweds taking pictures against its background.

Museum-estate of Peter the Great- this complex was erected instead of the former royal estate, which has not survived to this day. Now there is a museum with a rich exposition of items from the Peter the Great era, as well as an art gallery. It is worth saying that the most famous exhibit of the museum is the Botik, the only well-preserved ship from the Amusing Flotilla of Peter the Great, the rest were destroyed by a strong fire that engulfed Pereslavl-Zalessky at the end of the eighteenth century. By the way, it was from this ship, two hundred years ago, that the creation of the museum began. Botik, which was part of the "Funny Flotilla" - the training fleet of Peter, located on Lake Pleshcheyevo, is already three centuries old, but it has been perfectly preserved. The fleet consisted of thirty ships of various sizes, including several flagships, up to forty meters long, a smaller copy of which is in the White Palace, near the Botik Museum. Lake Pleshcheyevo during the early reign of the tsar was a kind of training ground where sailors were trained and training battles were held. The lake got its name for its interesting property - to splash out and throw out all objects thrown into the water.

"Museum of Crafts"- located near the Kremlin, in a small room. Here visitors have the opportunity to make an excursion into the past, where it is easy to get acquainted with the peasant life, their household items and tools, which were created by the talented craftsmen of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Center for the Preservation and Development of Folk Traditions "House of Berendey"- located in a bright and elegant, wooden tower, with traditional carved platbands and a beautiful porch. The name of the center "Berendey's House" was not chosen at all by chance: according to ancient legends, Tsar Berendey, a character in Russian fairy tales, who was also a sorcerer, lived in the vicinity of Pereslavl. In the tower you can see the talented works of Pereslavl masters who specialize in wood painting: various nesting dolls, figurines of people and animals, whistles. Cheerful Russian holidays are often held here. Visitors can buy souvenirs in the local shop, and in the refectory, taste the dishes of native Russian cuisine. In the neighboring courtyard there is an art gallery "Artist's House", where you can get acquainted with an interesting collection of paintings.

Archaeological site "Kleshchinsky complex"- located northwest of Pereslavl. The center of the complex is the ancient settlement "Kleshchin", with ramparts of the twelfth century. Initially, the city stood on the northeastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, and its center was on Aleksandrova Gora, but in the twelfth century, Yuri Dolgoruky, the founder of not only Moscow, but also Pereslavl-Zalessky, moved it to today's place. But, scientists say that the city appeared much earlier than the arrival of Russian statehood in these parts, which confirms the presence here of an old pagan sanctuary - "Blue Stone" or "Blue Stone". This is a completely unique object of worship of the ancient pagans, which is a huge boulder, the color of which changes from gray to blue when the surface of the stone gets wet. The stone weighs twelve tons, its length is three meters and its width is two and a half. According to an old legend, in ancient times, this stone stood on the top of the Alexander Hill, but was subsequently thrown down. It is not known whether this was indeed the case, but some scientists suggest that the boulder was brought by a glacier from the mountains of Scandinavia. Others say that this is a meteorite that fell on these lands in ancient times. Locals and many visitors believe that the Blue Stone is able to heal many diseases and charge any object with positive energy. So they are trying to break off a small piece from this stone as a keepsake, and numerous merchants sell nearby the stone, according to them, objects charged from it. There is a spring next to the stone, the water of which in winter half-floods the stone, and the ice that bound it forms unusual, mysterious influxes. Alexandrova Gora is part of the Kleshchinsky archaeological complex, where the center of the ancient city was originally located, it is endlessly studied by archaeologists who have furrowed the surface up and down. Bolshaya Pesochnitsa is another "Mecca" of archaeologists, which is the ruins of an ancient settlement from the Neolithic period, located on the left bank of the Trubezh River. Part of the ancient settlement is hidden under city buildings and hidden under water, where fragments and shards of ancient pottery with a traditional pit pattern are often found in these lands.

Historical and Cultural Center "Russian Park" - the most interesting attraction of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky, where unique samples of Russian cultural heritage from the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries are collected in one place. Only here is a unique Russian museum - "What the Russians invented the first in the world", presenting to visitors the important world discoveries of our compatriots: a light bulb, radio, Tetris, gypsum, the Pentium processor, a hydrogen bomb and so on. A special pride of the ICC "Russian Park" are the original Russian wooden tower houses with original interior painting, which can be visited. Of particular interest to tourists is the country house of the nineteenth century, its project was created by the architect Kuzmin, it houses the Museum “Russian Fashion, Style and Atmosphere of the Nineteenth Century”. The Ural house is also very attractive, decorated with copied interior painting of the late nineteenth century, with outlandish flowers and animals. Museum "Petrushka" - will introduce children and adults to the mysterious world of theater and Russian proverbs and sayings. On the territory of the center, you can take a master class on making ancient amulet dolls, clay modeling skills, artistic painting of wooden toys, and so on. You can simply walk along the beautiful alleys of the park, where city festivals and historical reconstructions are often held. People often come to the Russian Park with gastronomic tours. There is a "Museum of Kvass", where guests have the opportunity to taste twelve types of primordially Russian drink prepared according to old recipes. If you like the drink, then you can buy it. Interesting tastings are held at the Museum of Russian Tea. Visitors will be able to taste three types of teas that have been undeservedly forgotten, but very useful, including: "Ivan - tea" and "Kuril tea" - they can be bought for future use for yourself and friends. For tea, you will be offered jam and Guryev porridge. If you are interested in authentic Russian cuisine, then take a look at the Ryapushka tavern, which specializes in cooking dishes according to old recipes in a real Russian oven. The masterpieces of the culinary skills of this tavern are dishes from the “royal” menu: “royal” borscht of five types of meat, which was a favorite dish of Emperor Alexander the First, smoked vendace, vendace fried in marinade and baked vendace. A visit to the park will please both children and adults, because it is an absolutely ideal place for a fun family vacation. Only here you can relax, feel the power and greatness of Russia, see all its versatility, originality, especially by participating in folk holidays held according to ancient Russian customs and traditions.

Pereslavl-Zalessky is the ancient city of the "Golden Ring of Russia", a small, but very interesting independent route to visit, with a huge number of ancient sights and interesting natural places.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

The city of Pereslavl-Zalessky has a great attraction as an ancient cultural and architectural monument: it is the same age as Moscow (founded in 1152), and now one of the most interesting centers of the Yaroslavl region. Not only architectural masterpieces give reason to include it in the "Golden Ring" of old Russian cities. Many events of Russian history took place within the walls and on the ground of this ancient city.

V. Berdnikov

Pereslavl-Zalessky. The name of this ancient provincial town alone fascinates and attracts at the same time. It seems to invite you to a fascinating old Russian fairy tale that lives in the midst of modernity. The history of the Zalessky region originated somewhere far away in the mists of time. Its initial stages are the departure of the last glacier, the appearance of taiga forests and rivers with their various inhabitants, and, as a consequence of the previous one, the arrival of the first people. The largest site of the many ancient settlements in the Neolithic era was located on the eastern shore of the lake at the mouth of the river, later named Trubezh. Today this place is known as Pereslavskaya Rybnaya Sloboda. It represents the oldest part of the city, a corner on the river, beloved by artists, with weeping willows reflected in the water and old wooden huts along the banks. Another independent site of the ancient inhabitants of the region was on the so-called Bolshaya Pesoshnica - on the banks of the same river, approximately where Trubezhnaya Street is now located. This is evidenced by finds, including shards of pottery with ornaments and a large number of animal bones.

From time immemorial, the hilly north-eastern shore of Lake Zalesky, called Kleshchino in ancient times, has also been attractive to people. According to archaeological research, in the 4th century AD, this coast was inhabited by the Finno-Ugric tribes of the Merya. In the 9th-10th centuries, during the influx of population from the south to the north-east of Rus', Slavs from the Novgorod and Dnieper lands came to Zalesye in search of fertile places. On the northeastern shore of the lake, they founded a settlement, giving it the name Kleshchin. Evidence of those times has survived to this day, and it is they that today make up one of the popular tourist routes. This is the north-eastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, beloved by guests of the city and Pereslavl, where the Kleshchinsky complex is located. It includes the remains of an ancient Slavic town, a burial mound, Alexandrova Gora, which was formerly a pagan temple, and the legendary Blue Stone, which Merya and the Slavs once worshiped.

Information from the annals tells that in 1152, one of the younger sons of Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky, moved the city "like on Kleshchina Lake" to the intersection of important trade routes near the mouth of the river and "... lay a great city and put up a church of the Holy Savior ...". The settlement that arose, "adopted the glory" of the surrounding cities, was named Pereyaslavl Novy. This is a proud name, according to the historian M.I. Smirnov, sounds like "... fighting and completely akin to the favorite princely and retinue names: Yaroslav, Svyatoslav, Izyaslav ...". The town, which arose in the 12th century in the north of Rus', became the third in a row with a similar name - after Pereyaslavl of Kyiv (993) and Ryazan (1095). And only in the 15th century near Pereyaslavl, located from Kyiv “beyond the Bryn forests”, the more well-known name of the city, Pereslavl-Zalessky, was finally established.

This is a beautiful old city with an unusually interesting and eventful history. Its picturesque corners keep the memory of many famous political figures and important historical facts. Particularly striking in the history of Pereslavl was the 13th century, when the city was the capital of a vast specific principality, and at the same time a major cultural and political center of the North-East of Rus'. In those years, independent chronicling was conducted in the city, known today under the name “Chronicler of Pereslavl of Suzdal”. In the same century, namely in May 1220, the famous Russian commander Alexander Yaroslavovich, later nicknamed Nevsky, was born here. At one time, he restored Pereslavl after another devastation by the Tatars and founded a monastery on Alexander Hill. The holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky is especially revered in his homeland, he is one of the seven Pereslavl saints.

Pereslavl is one of the few Russian cities where you can see the earthen fortress of the 12th century that once surrounded the settlement. The monument of early fortification has existed for more than eight and a half centuries and has been perfectly preserved to this day. Today, the ancient ramparts of Pereslavl are an excellent place for walking; a magnificent panorama of the old city opens from here.

Conducted studies of the area showed that the inner area of ​​the city in the first centuries of its existence was about 500 meters wide and 700 meters long. Earthen walls with a circumference of more than 2.5 km once reached an impressive height - up to 16 meters. The Pereslavl fortress was surrounded by rivers - Trubezh, Murmash and an artificial reservoir - a deep ditch with dug pointed stakes along the edges. The crest of the shaft in the old days was crowned with wooden chopped walls with towers. They repeatedly burned during princely civil strife or Tatar raids, but then were restored. However, in the 18th century, the wooden walls were finally dismantled "because of dilapidation and uselessness."

On the Red Square of Pereslavl, in a complex with an ancient bulk shaft, there is a small single-domed stone church - the Transfiguration Cathedral, founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152 for the needs of the princely court and the garrison of the fortress. It is one of the oldest architectural monuments of the Vladimir-Suzdal school of architecture. The construction of this temple was carried out for five years and was completed, according to many historians, by the son of the founder of the city, Andrei Bogolyubsky. The white-stone Savior, made in the Byzantine style, is a traditional cross-domed four-pillar church for the middle of the 12th century. Its image is simple, and the decoration is stingy, only the drum of the dome and the cornices of the altar apses are decorated with arched belts. Despite the very turbulent course of many centuries, time almost did not leave an imprint on the appearance of the old Pereslavl church. However, now in the ancient walls of the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior there is no former magnificent interior filling, which once impressed the ancestors. Many priceless items of ancient Russian art - church utensils, icons, books - disappeared without a trace during numerous ruins and fires. The original fresco painting of the second half of the 12th century also turned out to be lost. Miraculously, a silver chalice of the 12th century, decorated with ornaments, survived to this day, according to legend, donated to the Pereslavl Cathedral by Yuri Dolgoruky. Today this unique monument of arts and crafts can be seen in the Armory of the Moscow Kremlin. The 14th-century temple icon “Transfiguration” attributed to the workshop of Theophan the Greek has survived to this day. The icon has been in Moscow since the 1920s, being one of the famous exhibits of the Tretyakov Gallery. The marble altar barrier installed in the temple dates back to the 19th century. Previously, the ancient one-domed cathedral was not only the main church of the city, but also the tomb of the Pereslavl specific princes. The son and grandson of Prince Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Alexandrovich and Ivan Dmitrievich, are buried in it. Like his father, Dmitry Alexandrovich, proved to be an outstanding commander of his time. And Ivan Dmitrievich, having no direct heirs, before his death in 1302, bequeathed Pereslavl to a Moscow ally - his uncle Daniil Alexandrovich. This circumstance played an important role in the further formation of Moscow as the capital of Rus'. As a sign of the voluntary accession of Pereslavl, a tradition appeared - to serve smoked Pereslavl herring - vendace, which has been found in Lake Pleshcheyevo since ancient times, on the royal table at the coronation of the heir to the Moscow throne.

During the Muscovite period, Zalesky city was actually the second religious capital of the Russian state. The names of many famous church leaders and saints are associated with Pereslavl, including Sergius of Radonezh, Dmitry Prilutsky, Metropolitans Pimen, Athanasius, Peter and others.

Pereslavl is closely intertwined with the fate of the wife of Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy Evdokia, who escaped with a baby in the city of Zalessky from the persecution of Khan Tokhtamysh. Later, with her donations, the Goritsky Monastery, burnt by the Tatars, was restored and a new wooden church of St. John the Theologian was built on the banks of the Trubezh River.

Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible visited Pereslavl many times, making rich contributions to the Nikitsky, Trinity Danilov and Goritsky monasteries. Under Ivan IV Alexandrov, the settlement of the Pereslavl district became the center of the oprichnina, in which Pereslavl residents Malyuta Skuratov, Alexei and Fyodor Basmanov played a prominent role.

The surviving documents clearly show that many merchants and artisans lived in Pereslavl in the 16th century. Among the latter were shoemakers, spoon-makers, nail-makers. A special place was occupied by fishermen and falconers who served the princely court and were exempted from the usual city duties.

The energetic “king-carpenter, king-worker” Peter I also left his bright mark in the history of the city, having built a funny fleet on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo at the end of the 17th century, which laid the foundations of Russian shipbuilding. The historical museum-estate with the affectionate name "Boat of Peter the Great", where Peter's business yard was once located, today is of great interest among Russians and foreign guests who want to see with their own eyes the cradle of the Russian fleet - the oval Pereslavl lake - and Peter's boat "Fortuna", which is stored in the museum on Mount Gremyach.

A popular attraction of Pereslavl today is the largest provincial historical, architectural and art museum-reserve in Russia, located within the walls of the former Goritsky Monastery. For almost fifty years, starting in 1744, this ancient monastery was the center of a vast diocese, including Mozhaisk, Dmitrov, Volokolamsk, Ruza and other ancient Russian cities. Today, many unique monuments of antiquity and art are stored in Goritsy, including church utensils, paintings, furniture, household items, etc.

During the existence of the Pereslavl diocese, more than six thousand inhabitants lived in the city. But after the plague of 1771, this number remained

only half of the citizens. The basis of the settlement was the merchants, who, according to the data of 1776, owned 61 shops and 6 taverns, where there was a brisk trade in goods typical of that time: clothes, cloth, “trifles for the townsfolk and the peasantry”, as well as food products - “living creatures and indigenous fish”, nuts, gingerbread, sugar, flour, apples and grape drinks.

Remaining a major spiritual center of Russia with many churches, the famous Pereslavl-Zalessky from the 18th century "quietly rested on the laurels of its past." At first it was the center of the province of the Moscow province, and since 1778 it was the county town of the Vladimir province. However, even then Pereslavl was considered one of the first in trade and industry among the same county towns in central Russia. In the second half of the 19th century, there were six linen factories, a carriage and sausage establishment, thirteen factories, including fur, tobacco and candle factories. The largest in the city was the Borisov paper-spinning factory, which employed more than two thousand people.

But gradually the economy of the city of Zalesky declined, and Pereslavl turned from a once developed settlement into a quiet county town. The reason for this, many tend to consider the lack of a railway in the city. It passed only 18 versts from Pereslavl, as a result of which it was deprived of opportunities for economic growth for many years.

Today, Pereslavl-Zalessky is part of the famous Golden Ring of Russia tour route and, despite the fact that many city churches were lost during the Soviet years, Pereslavl is still one of the centers of Russian Orthodoxy.

At present, Pereslavl is a regional center of the Yaroslavl region with a population of about 42,000 people. This is a cozy, clean and attractive Russian corner with beautiful landscapes, ancient Orthodox shrines and old houses along the central streets. More than once, people of art have fruitfully drawn inspiration from the local nature and rich history. The Pereslavl land was captured in their works by the writers N.A. Ostrovsky and M.M. Prishvin, artist K. Korovin, D. N. Kardovsky and many others.

The famous Zalessky region is a protected area. Its lake Pleshcheyevo today has dimensions of more than 6.5 km x 9.5 km and is one of the largest lakes in the Upper Volga region, as well as the center of the National Park of the same name.

On the outskirts of the city, Pereslavl people bake delicious bread and make cheese, produce photographic paper and various packaging. Graduates of local schools have the opportunity, without leaving the city, to continue their education at the Film and Photo Technical College, which was named after "Alexander Nevsky" or the University of Pereslavl with the main areas of "applied mathematics" and "computer science".

Local residents, accustomed to the measured rhythm of life, in their free time like to relax in the bosom of nature, enjoying the coolness of the lake or river, skiing and sledding from steep snow-covered hills in winter.

Very often on weekends, the picturesque Pereslavl region is filled with vacationers from near and far cities, many of whom are not the first time in Zalessky. Most of the visitors tend to first of all visit Orthodox monasteries in one or all four - and visit the local holy springs.

Guests of Pereslavl are always looking forward to comfortable hotels, restaurants with original cuisine and numerous museums with a variety of collections of irons, kettles, locomotives and peasant utensils.

But especially Pereslavl residents and guests of the city love the traditional ones - Christmas at the museum, City Day, Shrovetide, Youth Day, the Balloon Festival and Navy Day. Holidays are always perfectly organized - with a unique zest and love for the native land.

Once having arrived in Zalesye, you will not be able to remain indifferent to this amazing land. The small ancient city of Pereslavl-Zalessky will surely leave pleasant memories of itself, making you come back here again and again.

"There is a lost world in Russia,
That lives not for words, not for glory,
What is lost, like Kitezh, by people -
This is a city in the forests - Pereslavl.
(Natalya Martishina)

Pereslavl-Zalessky is an ancient Russian city located in the very center of Russia, 140 km. from Moscow. This is the second after Sergiev Posad tourist point of the Golden Ring on the Moscow-Kholmogory federal highway leading from the capital to the White Sea. Pereslavl and its environs keep many wonderful monuments of antiquity of the XII-XIX centuries and "places of memory" associated with important historical events and famous personalities.

I love this cute cozy town so much that in my own ranking of the ancient cities of Russia, it is firmly in the top three, and perhaps even takes first place in it. It pulls here again and again, and especially pulls when you just left it.

Entering Pereslavl, 4 km. from the city limits, we see the chapel "Cross" (Fedorovskaya). At this very place in the 16th century, while on a trip to the holy places, the wife of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarina Anastasia Romanova, gave birth to Tsarevich Fedor. Fedor became the last king of the fading Rurik dynasty. In honor of his birth, Ivan the Terrible ordered a thank-you cross, which was later replaced by a stone chapel.

By the way, there were three Pereslavl in Rus'. "To win glory" meant - "to win". Back in Kievan Rus in the 10th century, a certain youth defeated the Pecheneg hero in single combat, "took over his glory", and in honor of this feat the city of Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny, now the city of Khmelnitsky, was founded. In 1095, the second Pereyaslavl, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, arose, now this city is called Ryazan. And only the third Pereyaslavl, after the letter "I" dropped out of the name of the city in the 15th century, is our Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Pereslavl-Zalessky is the same age as Moscow. It was founded by Prince Yury Dolgoruky in 1152 in Zalesye, an area separated from the southern Russian steppes by dense forests. Under Dolgoruky and his closest descendants, Pereslavl was a powerful fortress that closed the capital cities of Vladimir and Suzdal from the Volga Bulgars and the Smolensk and Novgorod rats during the princely strife.

The city experienced its dawn in the 13th century, when it turned out to be the center of a specific principality. The first Prince of Pereslavl was Yaroslav, the son of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest. Under him, the city turned into a major political and cultural center of North-Eastern Rus'. Below we see a defensive earthen rampart that surrounded the city center.

Yaroslav's son Alexander Nevsky became famous for his victories over the Swedes on the Neva River in 1240 and over the Teutonic Knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle on the Ice). In the 16th century, he was canonized as a common Russian saint. His son Dmitry in 1276 became the Grand Duke of Vladimir and made Pereslavl the actual capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal land.

His son Ivan Dmitrievich was the last prince of Pereslavl. He died childless in 1302, and his inheritance went to his uncle, the son of Alexander Nevsky Daniel, the first Moscow prince, after whom Moscow gradually became the main princely center. But in order to keep Pereslavl in their power, the Moscow princes were forced to accept the title of Prince of Pereslavsky for another 160 years. This ritual disappeared only after Dmitry Donskoy.

During the period of the Tatar yoke, Pereslavl was completely ruined and burned to the ground six times. In 1374, an important event took place in the city that preceded the Battle of Kulikovo - a congress of Russian princes took place here, the reason for which was the baptism of Dmitry Donskoy's son Yuri. The ceremony was conducted by the Abbot of the Russian Land - St. Sergius of Radonezh. At this congress, an important decision was made to fight the Mongols.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, Pereslavl became a major craft and trade center of Muscovite Rus'. The sovereign's falconers and fishermen played a special role. The fishermen who delivered their catch to the Moscow Kremlin lived along the banks of the mouth of the Trubezh River. This place in the city is still called Rybnaya Sloboda. We see the mouth of the river in the photo below.

The Pereslavl great road that crossed the city in two was called Yamskaya in pre-Petrine Russia. The largest settlement of coachmen here was called Yam, and consisted of about 70 households. We see this road in the very center of the city in the photo.

Here, on hunting and pilgrimage, Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible repeatedly visited. After the ruin of the Time of Troubles, the city was almost entirely rebuilt. At the end of the 17th century, Pereslavl was destined to become the cradle of the Russian navy. Young Peter I built his first, "amusing" flotilla here.

It is best to start acquaintance with the city from the place where it originated, from Red Square (formerly Cathedral Square), with its city ramparts, the Transfiguration Cathedral of the 12th century and other ancient monuments. Pereslavl-Zalessky was founded on a cape formed by the Trubezh River and the Murmash River. From the south and west, the city skirted the artificial ditch Groblya.

Pereslavl was the largest of the fortresses built by Yuri Dolgoruky. Only later it was surpassed by the fortifications of the new capital of North-Eastern Rus' - Vladimir. The earthen rampart of the 12th century, which has survived to this day, reaches a circumference of 2.5 km, its height is about 10, and its width is 6 m. Of course, we walked around its perimeter.

Near the ramparts rises the oldest temple of Pereslavl - the Transfiguration Cathedral, built in 1152-1157. This is the earliest surviving monument of pre-Mongolian Vladimir-Suzdal architecture.

This is a small, 21 meters high, fortress temple, intended for the needs of the princely court and the garrison of the fortress city. This is what determined its austere monumental appearance, with little or no decorative trim.

To the left of the cathedral, near the city rampart, in the 13th century stood the palace of the Pereslavl princes. According to legend, here, in 1220, the Russian national hero, Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky, was born. Now, presumably at this place, we see such a wooden structure.

But, alas, there is no exact data. The memorial plaque hangs not on a wooden house, but on a cathedral, and does not indicate the exact location. It can be understood that the great commander was probably born somewhere here, probably somewhere nearby, most likely nearby.

In 1958, in memory of the great countryman, a bronze bust of Alexander Nevsky by sculptor S.M. The bust and the cathedral are symbols of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Not far from the cathedral, on a place called the "sovereign's court" rises one of the most beautiful and oldest churches in the city - the hipped church of Peter the Metropolitan. It was built in honor of Peter, Metropolitan of Vladimir, who was accused by the Tver clergy of selling church positions. Peter was acquitted, became an associate of Ivan Kalita and was later canonized as a Russian saint. The shape of the temple resembles the Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye in Moscow.

The surviving part of the architectural ensemble of the Vladimir-Sretensky Novodevichy Convent adjoins Red Square. Here we see two temples - Vladimirsky Cathedral and the Church of St. Alexander Nevsky.

The construction of twin temples similar in architecture is a tradition of the Yaroslavl school of architecture of the 17th-18th centuries. In the 1990s, divine services were restored in both churches.

From the monastery, some of the buildings of which were destroyed in the 1930s, a fragment of the fence remained. Now there is a small market selling all kinds of souvenirs.

Nearby there is a bridge over the Trubezh River, beyond which the old part of the city continues. We find ourselves on Rostovskaya Street, along which tomorrow morning we will go further, to Rostov the Great, and then even further - to our beloved city of Yaroslavl.

The city has several churches built in the "provincial baroque" style of the 18th century. They are characterized by red-brick walls and elaborate decoration of architraves and cornices. It is especially graceful at the Simeonovskaya Church, decorated with charming heads of cherubs. This church is located right next to the bridge.

And if you look into the courtyards, in front of which, unlike Moscow, there are no bars with combination locks, you can see typical Russia at the beginning of perestroika, which was so angry then, and which looks so exotic now.

The Trubezh River divides the city into two parts. Last year, the bridge over it was closed for repairs, and it was terribly inconvenient - in order to see another part of Pereslavl, we had to make a huge detour along the perimeter of the city in order to return almost to the same point at a distance of twenty meters, and spend almost an hour.

One of the most picturesque corners of Pereslavl is the place where the Trubezh River flows into Lake Pleshcheyevo. At the very mouth, on a small promontory, there is another baroque church - the Church of the Forty Martyrs. In the summer, the temple is very beautifully reflected in the water surface.

To everyone who goes to Pereslavl, I strongly advise you to bypass the city center along an earthen rampart. From it everything is perfectly visible, and you will not miss the main sights. Only this should be done in dry weather, otherwise there is a risk of getting smeared, there is no asphalt or tiles on the shaft, and there are a lot of people upstairs.

Most of the houses in the old part of the city are wooden or semi-wooden. Living in them is probably bad, but admiring them from the outside is a pleasure. There are almost no migrant workers from the southern lands in the city, because the townspeople themselves willingly take on any job, and you cannot arrange air trade here, since the population simply does not have money.

More modern quarters of the city still look old. They are very nice, they do not at all correspond to the spirit of evil bustling megacities, and here you just relax your soul. Here, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, I suddenly had some kind of forgotten feeling, as if I was not surviving, but really living.

This city has an incredible number of museums, mostly small, domestic ones, but still I have never seen so many museums in such a small area. All of them are quite interesting. Here in this Museum of gramophones and records we were not. It is not located in the city itself, but on the shore of the lake, a few kilometers from the center.

The Radio Museum is nearby. We weren't in it either.

The Iron Museum is very interesting, in which irons are collected almost from the time of Yuri Dolgoruky to the present day. The museum is private and also very interesting, but we have not been to it either.

We just didn't time it. It never occurred to me that such a small town contains so many interesting things. We planned to study it in half a day and move further north, but those one and a half days of constant movement that we devoted to it were too little.

But still, we managed to go to the main museums of the city, and there will be separate topics about them. The most important is the Goritsky Monastery, which we pass on the way to the hotel. Perhaps this is the only museum in the city that cannot be missed.

And there is also the Dendrological Museum, there is the Berendey House, there are houses-museums of famous people ... And we have not been to them. But we visited the museum of the cradle of the Russian fleet "Peter's Boat", but about it in the next topic. We found it by accident, in such a bright restaurant literally opposite the museum, otherwise we would have passed by.

For the night we stayed at a hotel next to this museum of the same name on the very shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo. Some of the inconvenience of this hotel was fully paid off by the view of the lake. The hostess, looking at me and our car (Moscow rooms), said that a double room would cost 1800, but if we want personal amenities and a TV, then 2500. I agreed to the second.

Already in the room, when we tried to turn on the TV, we failed completely. On closer examination, I discovered the complete absence of any antenna whatsoever. To my angry question to the hostess, why the TV does not work, she reasonably answered, they say, but he never worked, but he is in the room, what claims? The shower was the same, the latest system, the water was not regulated, and I was first scalded and then stiff. But this is all nonsense compared to the views of Lake Pleshcheyevo.

I am a simple person, but sometimes I am drawn to lofty thoughts. All of us, people, are a small particle of God, His spark. In rare moments, in rare places, such places of the Force, we suddenly feel it, and we merge with the world, become its part, the hands of God on earth, and from the heart and from the palms a ray of such power seems to be beating that it is he who illuminates these clouds. There is no death, no pain and disease, nothing at all, except for This, of which we are a small part.