How to organize heating in a private house? Is it possible to install a stove in a wooden house, or should it be exclusively brick? Will an ordinary fireplace be effective or will you have to install a full-fledged stove? Let's sort it out in order.
What to choose for heating in the house?
If the task is to warm up the room, and not just bring comfort and a little warmth into it, an ordinary fireplace is categorically not suitable. Almost all of its heat literally flies into the pipe, which, in fact, is a vertical chimney.
When choosing a stove in a wooden house, you need to consider its size and weight. Thus, heavy structures weighing more than 200 kg require a separate foundation that is not connected with the foundation of the whole house. But a large brick oven can heat three rooms at once, placing it at the intersection of two internal walls. For example, the front side with the hob will be in the living room, and the sides in adjacent rooms.
In addition, it will be necessary to lay a non-combustible insulation between the body of the furnace and the wooden walls, and close the floor in front of the furnace with non-combustible materials. The tiles laid out around the stove look very nice.
If the stove is only in one room, the wall behind it is also tiled. In this case, it is desirable to provide an air gap of 5-10 cm - the heating efficiency increases significantly.
Potbelly stove - cheap, reliable and economical
For a summer residence or a small country house with one room, an ordinary stove "potbelly stove" is quite enough. Due to its small size and thoughtful design, it not only heats the room efficiently, but also consumes fuel economically.
Advantages and disadvantages of bourgeoisie
The advantages of using these small ovens are obvious:
- efficiency - due to pyrolysis, the fuel burns completely and is consumed more slowly;
- practicality - the stove not only heats the room, you can cook and heat food on its surface;
- ease of installation - a separate foundation is not required for a potbelly stove, it is enough to put a metal sheet under it with a layer of asbestos or basalt cardboard between it and the floor;
- versatility - thanks to its compact size and a large selection of appearance, the potbelly stove can be placed in any room - from a forester's house to a modern summer cottage.
But there are also disadvantages:
- low efficiency - only 60%;
- the need for a high chimney with a long chimney - the vertical part must be from 1 m long, and the burs cannot be shorter than 2.5 m;
- small heating area - up to 60 sq.m.
Installation of a potbelly stove
Despite the fact that the design of the stove provides for a special screen on the back and side walls, it should not be placed close to wooden walls or combustible plaster. It is placed on a non-combustible base or even a metal sheet, which should protrude along the contour of the furnace itself by 35 cm (or better, by 60 cm). Asbestos sheet or basalt (maybe kaolin) cardboard should be laid under the litter - to comply with fire safety standards.
The horizontal part (burs) also performs the function of heating - the smoke cools down there before going outside. The vertical part is wrapped with thermal insulation, while the horizontal part is not. Because of this, the hog itself gets very hot, so it should be located at a distance of 1 meter from simple plaster and 1.5 meters from wooden walls.
According to safety rules, it is advisable to place the bur at a height of 2.2 m or close it with a protective box made of metal mesh.
Buleryan oven - elegant and practical
Canadians came up with their own version of the Soviet potbelly stove - buleryan. This furnace also takes up a minimum of space and works on pyrolysis, giving out high efficiency - up to 75%. But its distinctive feature is the convection method of heating the room.
The principle of operation and installation of buleryan
It is thanks to them that convection occurs. Cold air is sucked in from below, heated and blown out already heated.
The outlet temperature is 60-80 degrees. It does not require any pumps and electricity connection! The air in the room warms up evenly and very quickly.
Buleryan is a wood-burning stove, therefore, unlike a potbelly stove, it will not work for everyone to heat it. But the original appearance and ease of installation eliminates this drawback.
How to install a Canadian stove:
In addition, buleryan can be overlaid with bricks, and by choosing a model with a hob, you can imitate a real Russian stove with a minimum of effort!
Brick oven-"baby" - simple and convenient
If you want to try your hand at installing a real brick oven with your own hands, you can start from a small stove. Its installation takes only one day, and it can be fully used in a week.
Its advantages:
- high heat transfer rate due to laying bricks flat and on edge;
- excellent heat capacity, due to which the oven remains warm for a long time;
- compactness - the oven occupies 0.4 sq.m.;
- light weight does not require a separate foundation;
- profitability - only 62 red and 37 fireclay bricks are needed for the furnace.
How to install a compact brick oven
A very simple order will allow even a novice stove-maker to cope. The first row is installed on a sheet of waterproofing measuring 78x53 cm with a 1 cm layer of sifted sand poured on it. What is characteristic is that the first row is laid “dry”, and each brick is slightly pressed into the sand.
It is important that everyone is happy to level up, otherwise the end result may be far from ideal or even be inoperative. The second row is already being laid on the clay. It should be borne in mind that special red clay is placed on red brick, and fireclay refractory clay is placed on fireclay. It is better to purchase ready-made formulations, they are much better in quality than home-made solutions.
First, a blower door is installed, wrapped with an asbestos cord several times, and a second row is formed around it. All rows are stacked in accordance with the order.
We must not forget that the doors and the hob are wrapped with asbestos cord soaked in water before laying.
One rear brick in the 4th row is laid without clay - this is a “knock-out” brick, which at the end will need to be removed to wipe moisture and excess clay from the chimney. After that, it is put in place, and the seams are smeared with the appropriate solution.
The finished oven can be whitewashed by first covering the hob with polyethylene. In front of the furnace door, you need to nail a L-shaped metal pre-furnace sheet. It should close the junction of the floor and the first row of the furnace. A plinth made of heat-resistant material is also nailed around the perimeter, which will prevent sand from spilling out.
A trial firebox can be made immediately, but only with straw or paper, and even then not for long. But you can fully use the oven only after a week, when the clay dries.
Brick oven with a heating boiler - as efficiently as possible
But the assembly should be done by an experienced stove-maker, since the ordering has 35 rows and the slightest mistake will lead to rather unpleasant consequences.
The main aspects of laying the furnace
A heating boiler built into the stove allows heating a house with a total area of up to 200 sq.m. But because of its design, the hob of the stove performs only an auxiliary function, since, being above the boiler, it heats up poorly. But on it it is convenient to dry mushrooms and fruits or to heat water.