You can't forbid living comfortably. Many want it, but not everyone succeeds. It's not about convenient layout, the presence of good furniture, a large area. Often the feeling of comfort depends on the microclimate in the room. What is the standard temperature in the apartment set by regulatory documents? What temperature should be in the apartment in terms of comfort? How can it be measured and adjusted? These are questions owners often ask themselves. square meters in multi-storey buildings.
In conversations, the number +18 o C is often encountered. What is this number, where did it come from, and is it the same everywhere? GOST R 51617-2000 and SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 clearly define what humidity and air temperature should be in rooms in different time of the year.
Room temperature +18 o C - a very average figure. All people are different.
The Republic of Belarus has its own standards for the level of heat in the house.
Talking about a certain average figure is not entirely correct and correct. This temperature is far from comfortable for most people living in apartment buildings.
If we consider each individual separately, then one in the spring wants to turn on the heater, and another in frosty winter needs to open the window to create the required level of heat.
What are the dangers of high and low room temperatures
The human body does not tolerate the extreme values of any parameters, whether it be air pressure and humidity, the presence of oxygen in it, its purity. This also applies to temperature. An excessive increase or decrease in room temperature is extremely poorly tolerated by young children and the elderly.
Hot doesn't mean good
High temperatures in the house often lead to a decrease in indoor air humidity, which adversely affects human health:
- promotes the development of pathogenic microbes and ensures their spread;
- leads to drying of the mucous surface of the nasopharynx and an increase in the likelihood of microbes entering the body;
- moisture is removed from the circulatory system, due to which blood thickens, the load on the heart increases, blood pressure rises - a consequence - the risk of stroke increases;
- there is an increased sweat secretion, which disrupts the water balance of the body.
It's cold too, not ice
It is difficult to call the optimal temperature in the apartment the one at which a person begins to feel the desire to crawl under the covers or dress warmly. Low digital climate indicators for a long time negatively affect the health and mental state of residents. There is an excessive loss of heat, which is fraught with the development of colds, viral, respiratory diseases.
Before heating period you can use economical quartz heaters. high melting point quartz sand allows to produce strong heating of the panel.
What determines the temperature in the living room
The following factors influence the quantitative indicators of air temperature:
- specific coefficient of heat loss through the building envelope (how much heat escapes through the ceiling, walls, windows, floor);
- placement of an apartment in a house by height (on the first and upper floors temperature differences are more significant than those in the middle);
- Availability a large number external walls (corner living space);
- quality and quantity of air exchange;
- temperature and speed of the coolant in the heating system;
- number and condition of heating system radiators.
Each of these factors can be influenced by achieving a favorable air temperature in the apartment.
We change at our discretion
In the absence of individual apartment heating or a house boiler room, it is hardly possible to influence the quality parameters of the coolant, so you should pay attention to other factors affecting the temperature.
When choosing an apartment to buy, evaluate its location in order to reduce heat loss in winter and overheating in summer period. Install windows made using new technologies. Increase the number of radiators by providing for the installation of thermostats or taps on each of them. Insulate building envelopes.
We measure correctly
Not everyone knows how to measure the temperature in a residential area correctly. Not only the accuracy of the measurement depends on compliance with a certain measurement procedure, but also the possibility of making a claim against the heat supply organization in order to reduce payment for heating.
The following conditions must be met:
- measure the temperature in the apartment in cloudy weather, as on a sunny day there is additional air heating through windows and building structures;
- before determining the temperature, ensure the complete tightness of the room (close windows, doors leading to common corridors or stairwells, check that there are no gaps in them);
- take temperature measurements in at least two rooms (with the exception of one-room apartments);
- temperature should be measured at a distance of half a meter from outer wall and 60 cm from the floor.
In case of registration of readings below the minimum temperature established by regulatory documents, notify the emergency dispatch service of the heat supply organization. In case of normal functioning of the system (there are no accidents), an emergency team leaves for the place. She is required to draw up an act of measuring temperature. The temperature is measured using a registered and tested device that has the appropriate certificates and documents.
The act of control is drawn up in at least two copies, one of which remains with the owner of the living space.
The act specifies:
- date and time of its compilation;
- the address of the dwelling with indication of its characteristics;
- information characterizing the measuring device (brand, model, certification and verification information);
- fixed values of air temperature;
- signatures of the commission members.
For review, a sample act can be downloaded on the websites of management companies, housing construction cooperatives, homeowners associations.
We study the norms
After replenishing the baggage of knowledge, it's time to answer the question: "What should be the air temperature in different rooms apartments?
Living spaces
Living rooms include rooms used for rest and sleep:
- living rooms;
- halls;
- bedrooms;
- children's.
This includes the premises of home libraries, study rooms, rooms with hunting trophies. In most of these rooms, a person is either at rest or inactive. In this regard, the temperature norm is 18 - 20 ° C, while the optimum for a person is 20 - 22 ° C (in the summer - 20 - 28 and 22 - 25 ° C, respectively). In buildings located in northern latitudes, the quantitative indicator is 1 - 2 degrees higher.
Kitchen
The cooking rooms provide for the installation of a large number of equipment that generates heat during their work:
- gas and electric stoves;
- Appliances for cooking food;
- dishwashers and washing machines.
To create a comfortable working area expansion of the range of permissible temperature from 18 to 26 ° C is provided.
Toilet
This room does not provide for the permanent or long-term presence of people in it. Therefore, heat costs are provided for much less than in residential premises. Comfortable and acceptable indicators are comparable to kitchen temperatures.
Bathroom, shared bathroom
In this room, the human body is in contact with water. At the same time, the heat transfer of the body increases sharply. High humidity is set in the room. In order to prevent diseases of residents, the formation of mold, the destruction of finishing and building materials, the norms provide for a higher temperature than in other rooms. Installed comfortable temperature 24 - 26 o C, it can be lowered to 18 o C.
to storage rooms, winter preparations, I don’t show standards for tools special requirements. It is allowed to lower the temperature to 12 ° C. The upper threshold of the permissible temperature is 22 ° C.
Big Picture
For convenience and systematization of what has been said, the digital data are listed in the table. The humidity of the air and the speed of its movement has a direct impact on the sensations experienced by a person from a particular temperature. Changing these parameters leads to the fact that human sensations of the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere can differ significantly from those measured by instruments.
Temperature standards for living
| Name of premises | Air temperature, °С | Relative humidity, % | Air speed, m/s | |||
| comfort | let-may | comfort | let-may | comfort | let-may | |
| cold period of the year | ||||||
| Living room | 20-22 | 18-24 | 45-30 | 60 | 0,15 | 0,2 |
| The same, in areas of the coldest five-day period (-31°С and below) |
21 -23 | 20-24 | 45-30 | 60 | 0,15 | 0,2 |
| Kitchen | 19-21 | 18-26 | N/N | N/N | 0,15 | 0,2 |
| Toilet | 19-21 | 18-26 | N/N | N/N | 0,15 | 0,2 |
| Bathroom, combined bathroom | 24-26 | 18-26 | N/N | N/N | 0,15 | 0,2 |
| Inter-apartment corridor | 18-20 | 16-22 | 45-30 | 60 | 0,15 | 0,2 |
| Lobby, staircase | 16- 18 | 14-20 | N/N | N/N | 0,2 | 0,3 |
| 16- 18 | 12-22 | N/N | N/N | N/N | N/N | |
| warm period of the year | ||||||
| Living room | 22-25 | 20-28 | 60-30 | 65 | 0,2 | 0,3 |
In most apartments, the doors to the premises, with the exception of the bathroom, toilet, pantry, do not close. Using tabular information, you can set what air temperature should be in the apartment. We get that at a relative humidity of 60% and an air speed of 0.2 m / s, the comfortable temperature in the apartment is 21.6 ° C.
Each of us has different ideas about the comfort of home. Knowing what the temperature in the apartment should be will allow you to make reasonable claims to the supplying organization, get a recalculation within 0.15% of the tariff for each hour of air temperature below normal.
Heat / Heating batteries
Problems with heating during the heating season and the cold in the apartment can be a reason to go to court. By law, batteries must warm the room no lower than the temperature established by special regulations.
What should be the temperature in the apartment? Legal requirements
Temperature in living quarters apartment building determined by the "Rules for the provision utilities owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”, as well as “GOST R 51617-2000. State standard Russian Federation. Housing and communal services. Are common specifications.»
The "Rules for the provision of public services" states that in residential premises the temperature should not be lower than +18 ° C (in corner rooms - +20 ° C). And in areas with the temperature of the coldest five-day period of -31 ° C and below, the air temperature in residential premises should not be lower than +20 ° C (in corner rooms - +22 ° C).
At night (from 00:00 to 05:00) the air temperature in the apartment can drop by no more than 4 °C. In the daytime, the decrease in temperature below the standard level is not allowed.
At the same time, GOST R 51617-2000 (State standard of the Russian Federation. Housing and communal services. General specifications. approved Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated June 19, 2000 N 158-st) establishes minimum level air temperature for certain types of rooms in the apartment.
| room | Air temperature in rooms during the cold season, °C |
| Living room of an apartment or hostel | 18 (20 ) |
| The same, in areas with the temperature of the coldest five-day period (security 0.92) minus 31 °C and below | 20 (22 ) |
| Kitchen of the apartment and hostel, cubic: | 18 |
| Drying cabinet for clothes and shoes in the apartment | - |
| Bathroom | 25 |
| Restroom individual | 18 |
| Combined restroom and bathroom | 25 |
| The same, with individual heating | 18 |
| Washroom | 18 |
| Shared shower room | 25 |
| Common restroom | 16 |
| Dressing room for cleaning and ironing clothes, washroom in the hostel | 18 |
| Lobby, common corridor, front in an apartment building, stairwell | 16 |
| Lobby, common corridor, stairwell in the hostel | 18 |
| Laundry room | 15 |
| Ironing, drying room in hostels | 15 |
| Storerooms for storing personal belongings, sports equipment; household and linen in the hostel | 12 |
| Isolation room in the hostel | 20 |
| Elevator machine room | 5 |
| Garbage chamber | 5 |
Notes: In corner rooms apartments and dormitories, the air temperature should be 2 ° C higher than the specified
How to measure the temperature of the air in your apartment?
The current "Rules for the provision of public services" explain the situation as follows:
... Measurement of air temperature in residential premises is carried out in a room (if there are several rooms, in the largest living room), in the center of planes spaced from inner surface the outer wall and the heating element by 0.5 m and in the center of the room (the point of intersection of the diagonal lines of the room) at a height of 1 m. measuring instruments must comply with the requirements of standards (GOST 30494-96) ...
What to do if the temperature in your apartment drops below normal?
If you find that your apartment is colder than required by law, you must notify your emergency dispatch service. The application can be made both in writing and orally (by phone call).
The duty officer is obliged to register your application and set the time for the verification.
The time for the inspection is appointed no later than 2 hours from the moment the consumer receives a message about the violation of the quality of the utility service, unless a different time is agreed with the consumer.
Upon completion of the audit, an audit report is drawn up. If during its course the fact of a violation of the quality of the utility service is established, then the inspection report indicates the date and time of the inspection, the identified violations of the quality parameters of the utility service, the methods (tools) used during the inspection to identify such violations, conclusions about the date and time of the beginning of the violation of the quality of the utility services.
Cold in the apartment: what compensation can you expect?
If no one comes to you, or comes, the acts are signed, but nothing changes, then you have a natural desire to influence the situation in more radical ways.
Before proceeding to consider possible methods impact on public utilities, let's clarify what obligations the current legislation imposes on the heat supplier to a residential building.
The requirements for the permissible interruption in the supply of heat are formulated in the following way(for details, see Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, Appendix 1, Section VI):
- no more than 24 hours (in total) within 1 month;
- no more than 16 hours at a time - at an air temperature in residential premises from + 12 ° C to the standard temperature indicated in the table above;
- no more than 8 hours at a time - at an air temperature in residential premises from + 10 ° С to + 12 ° С;
- no more than 4 hours at a time - at an air temperature in residential premises from + 8 ° С to + 10 ° С
The responsibility of public utilities for violations of these requirements is as follows:
- for each hour of exceeding the permissible duration of a heating break, calculated in total for billing period, in which the specified excess occurred, the amount of payment for the utility service for such a billing period is reduced by 0.15% of the amount of the fee determined for such a billing period.
Well, what if heat is supplied to the apartment, but the batteries do not heat the room? In this case, the following requirements are set:
- permissible decrease in the standard temperature at night (from 0.00 to 5.00 hours) - no more than 3 ° C from the level indicated above;
- decrease in air temperature in the living room during the daytime (from 5.00 to 0.00 hours) is not allowed
Responsibility for violation of these rules is established as follows:
- for each hour of deviation in the air temperature in the residential premises in total during the billing period in which the specified deviation occurred, the amount of the utility service fee for such a billing period is reduced by 0.15% of the fee determined for such a billing period for each degree of temperature deviation.
Thus, the current legislation allows:
- In case of disconnection of your batteries for each hour in excess of the permitted duration of disconnection of batteries (the terms are indicated above), collect 0.15% of the monthly (this is our settlement period) payment for heat
- If the apartment is cold, but the batteries still heat, then you can demand a reduction in the monthly heating fee by 0.15% for every hour when the temperature was below the standard.
The recalculation can be a significant amount. Let's count.
Suppose you pay about 3,000 rubles a month for heating your apartment in winter. You are tired of constantly freezing and, say, on December 3, you drew up an act stating that the temperature in your apartment does not exceed 15 degrees Celsius (determined based on the temperature in the largest room in terms of area).
However, within a month there was no response from the public utilities. The house is still cold. What will be the recalculation?
We take 27 days following the drawing up of the act. It will be 648 hours. We multiply this number of hours by 0.15%, we get a figure of 97.2%. For this amount, you must recalculate. It turns out - that you are actually not obliged to pay for heating if this service is not provided with high quality.
Naturally, no one will return this money to you voluntarily. You have to go to court.
What are the chances of winning a lawsuit about cold batteries in an apartment?
There are precedents that residents managed to achieve a recalculation of heating fees due to the cold in the apartment.
In particular, in 2014, in several court instances, a resident Perm Territory managed to recover from 136 thousand rubles in favor of the low temperature in the living room.
According to Rossiyskaya Gazeta, a resident of Gubakha, Natalia Alekseeva (surname changed), filed a lawsuit against the local management company in the spring of 2014, demanding 350,000 rubles from public utilities. She substantiated her statement by the fact that during the heating season of 2012-2013, as well as in winter next year The temperature in her apartment did not rise above 15 degrees. Meanwhile, according to the rules for the provision of public services, the air in residential premises should be warmed up to 18 degrees, and in corner rooms - up to 20.
Alekseeva invited employees of the Criminal Code to take her temperature. In total, such measurements were made ten times. And never once did they fit the bill. The plaintiff even noted in her statement to the court that because of the cold in the apartment she fell ill, and listed several diseases that brought her to the hospital.
Alekseeva did not stop complaining to various authorities, district and regional, trying to achieve a recalculation of utility bills. And in 2013, she even refused to pay for heating, believing that the money was taken from her unreasonably. The case then reached the world court, which issued an order to recover 31 thousand rubles of debt from Alekseeva. But this decision was overturned, as she was able to prove the improper provision of a service such as heating.
As a result, all attempts to resolve the problem peacefully failed. Claims with a request to recalculate the payment for heat were rejected. No compensation was offered to the woman. And then she went to court.
At the trial, representatives of the management company completely denied their involvement in the low temperatures in Alekseeva's apartment. They stated that there is no contract between them for the provision of such a service as heating, and the money for it does not go to their cash desk. Therefore, they did not recognize the demands made.
However, the Gubakhinsky City Court decided otherwise. The fact is that according to the management agreement apartment building, where Alekseeva lives, the Criminal Code is obliged to provide services for water supply, sanitation and heating. According to the same document, payment for them should be made directly to resource-supplying organizations.
The management company, in addition, has an agreement with the local housing and communal services department on the supply of thermal energy. It states that this resource is intended for heating residential buildings, and the air temperature in them must comply with the standards.
Therefore, the court recognized Alekseeva's demands as legitimate, and all the objections of the Criminal Code as unfounded. The absence of a heating contract between them does not play any role, since this obligation of the communal organization is indicated in the contract for the management of an apartment building.
Taking into account that the management company could no longer argue the fact of poor-quality heat supply, the court granted the plaintiff's demands for the recovery of money. At the same time, Alekseeva is obliged to return 77 thousand rubles as a recalculation, in addition, a fine of half this amount and 20 thousand rubles as compensation for non-pecuniary damage. Total 136 thousand.
The cost of utilities is steadily growing every year, and their quality remains at the same level. Most tenants complain about the lack of a comfortable microclimate in their living quarters when the thermometers outside the window drop to minus values. Our citizens live in harsh climatic conditions, so the question of what should be the temperature norm in the apartment during the heating season always remains open. Residents apartment buildings it is worth remembering that a temperature that does not meet the sanitary standard affects well-being and even health. How many degrees should be on a room thermometer in winter period we will tell in this article.
Advice! The apartment will become much warmer if you place the foil between the battery and the wall. The foil reflects heat and prevents the penetration of cold.
The temperature norm in the heating season and what is written in GOST
Comfortable air temperature for each person is different: some feel great and are in no hurry to put on warm clothes at 18 ° C, while others wrap themselves in shawls and take out woolen socks, carefully knitted by their grandmother, already at twenty 20 ° C.
The temperature standards in the apartment are indicated in the legal documents, which are referred to in "GOST R 51617-2000. Housing and communal services. General technical conditions". IN state standard it is written that standard values air temperatures in living quarters range from 18 °C to 25 °C. It is also important to consider the purpose of the dwelling. For example, 14 °C, which are acceptable for flights of stairs, absolutely do not meet the standards for the bathroom.
For lobbies and inter-apartment spaces, the optimal set temperature ranges from 16 ° C to 22 ° C, since residents spend less than an hour a day here. For residential premises, temperature indicators are slightly higher: in corridors, bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens with gas or electric stoves the thermometer should show at least 18 ° C, since a person is here for more than 4-5 hours a day. Temperature regime and hygienic requirements for the microclimate are also regulated by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms (SanPin).
| Premises for the intended purpose | Standard temperature according to SanPiN and GOST | Note |
| living room, bedroom, living room, children's room | 21°C | A normal temperature in the bedroom will help get rid of insomnia and improve well-being. In the nursery, the temperature should be determined by the age of the child: 25 ° C is suitable for infants. |
| Kitchen | 22°C | Cookers, household appliances, microwaves, ovens radiate heat, so high temperatures are unacceptable. |
| Bathroom and shared bathroom | 25°C | Because of high humidity low temperatures can cause dampness and mold |
| Study room, study room | 21°C | At high temperatures and the lack of fresh air, the brain begins to perceive new information worse. |
| Pantry | 17°C | _________________ |
| Corridor between apartments | 19°C | _________________ |
| lobby, stairwell | 17°C | _________________ |
How many degrees should be in a corner apartment
Corner apartments are usually cooler, as one of the walls faces the street. Optimum temperature in such an apartment should be higher and reach at least 20 ° C. In most apartment buildings, an additional battery is installed on the wall that is in contact with the street, which helps to avoid mold. It is somewhat colder in apartments located on the first and last floors, as the cold comes from the basement or from attic space or roofs. 
Advice! IN corner apartment will become much warmer if the walls are insulated mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, cork cloth.
How to correctly measure the air temperature in the apartment
To achieve a recalculation of the payment for heat, it is necessary to independently measure the temperature in the apartment. You can measure and obtain objective data subject to the following rules:
- measurements cannot be taken in sunny weather, since a residential building warms up significantly even under the rays of the winter sun;
- the measurement accuracy in the room is affected Fresh air coming from the street. Before fixing the maximum and minimum values, close all windows and make sure they are tight;
- the required temperature is measured in several rooms in order to fully reflect the state of the heat supply;
- the thermometer should not be placed near heating appliances and walls in contact with the street: the distance from them should be at least 50 cm;
- warm air rises and cold air descends, so measurements must be taken at a height of at least 60 cm from the floor.
Important! SNiPs were developed back in the Soviet Union and today some of them are advisory in nature.
Why is the temperature in the living room significantly lower than the standard
In the cold season, residents complain about low temperatures and the appearance of fungus and mold. The main reasons for the non-compliance with GOST of the average temperature in residential premises:
- increased heat transfer due to the formation of cold bridges, which entails an increase in the cost of maintaining the standard temperature in the apartment;
- lack of necessary pressure and low water temperature in heating radiators;
- Availability air locks, which prevent the normal circulation of water in the heating system. It is possible to release air from central water heating radiators using the Mayevsky crane;
- non-compliance of housing with building codes (SNiP). Today, developers, in order to extract maximum profit, neglect the norms prescribed in regulations technical nature, and erect multi-story houses in the minimum time. According to statistics, more than half of modern new buildings were built with violations of architectural and construction design;
- significant heat loss can be caused by a malfunction window system and the presence of gaps between the panels. This problem is observed in houses built more than 30 years ago. It is impossible to touch the heating devices themselves, but the air in the apartment remains cool. Sometimes the problem can be solved by replacing wooden frames on plastic windows.
Advice! Sometimes heating network continue to work on full power when the temperature outside the window is positive. If the housing maintenance service is not interested in the economical use of heat energy, then apartment owners should contact management company. In case of inaction of the Criminal Code, it is necessary to write a complaint to the housing inspection and Rospotrebnadzor. I believe that these measures will help to deal with unscrupulous public utilities.
What to do and where to go if the average temperature in the apartment is far from the sanitary standard
The lack of heat in the apartment also indicates the provision of utilities of inadequate quality and a reason to contact the emergency dispatch service so that the commission comes to measure the indicators. Employees accept both written applications and telephone calls from citizens. The operator on duty registers the complaint and sets the time for the inspection.
The commission is obliged to arrive a maximum of 2 hours after receiving a complaint from the consumer. Exact time verification is consistent with the owners of the apartment.
After fixing the indicators by a registered device that has all the necessary technical papers, an inspection report is drawn up. In case of violations, the act specifies how many degrees are in the room, the date and time, the characteristics of the apartment, and the composition of the commission. The document is signed by all members of the commission.
Advice! If you decide to take care of the thermal insulation of your home yourself, then do not forget about supply and exhaust ventilation. Lack of air exchange causes unpleasant odors and condensation on windows.
What is the average temperature in the radiator
The temperature of the water in the heat carriers depends on weather conditions and the state of urban heating systems. This indicator rarely exceeds 90 ° C. Even such a high temperature is not always enough during severe frosts. Average temperature hot water in the faucet and in the radiator reaches 60 °C. 
You can find out the temperature using the usual mercury thermometer, which is placed in a small container and filled with water. Permissible deviations in should not exceed 4 ° C, and only upwards.
There are several ways to measure the temperature in a battery:
- place a thermometer on the radiator and add a couple of degrees to the obtained values;
- get an infrared thermometer, the error of which does not exceed half a degree. The thermometer is connected to the heater using a thermocouple wire to the battery.
Summing up
Unfortunately, we are accustomed to the poor performance of public services. Residents of high-rise buildings are not embarrassed by mountains of garbage, non-working elevators, weak water pressure, lack of regular repairs at the entrance, a little warm water from the faucet hot water etc. At the same time, appealing to supervisory authorities helps to correct the situation. If in winter months the temperature in the apartment drops below 18 ° C, then owners and tenants need to contact the Criminal Code, the emergency dispatch service, the housing inspectorate and Rospotrebnadzor in order to defend their rights and protect their interests.
The dwelling must have an air environment with the characteristics of air comfort, which is provided by the temperature in the room,
relative humidity and air velocity.
In the air of residential premises there should be no harmful vapors, gases, dust and microorganisms.
Building codes and regulations provide for a temperature in the dwellings of the middle and southern strip of the country + 18 ″С, and in the northern
areas +20″С.
However, these temperatures do not provide comfortable living, closer to them are hygiene standards that provide for
in the northern regions, the temperature in dwellings is + 21-22'C, in the middle ones + 20-21 "C, in the south - + 18- 19 * C. Relative humidity in residential premises is allowed within 30-60%, in summer - 35-50%, in winter - 30-40%. The microclimate of the dwelling is significantly affected by the speed of air movement. Still air excludes air exchange, sharply worsening the course of the process of respiration and thermoregulation of the human body. On the contrary, too high a speed of air movement in rooms can cause colds, which are possible in cases where the air flow is extremely unevenly blowing over various parts of the body. normal speed indoor air - 0.15 m/s
The allowable temperature difference in the premises and on the inner surface of the outer wall is + 6 * C, i.e. at an indoor temperature of +18'C, the temperature on the surface of the outer wall should not be lower than +12'C. If it is lower, then the outer walls do not provide heat preservation, they have a high heat transfer and they need to be insulated. From a hygienic point of view
norms temperature difference should not exceed 2-3’C, and the temperature on the surface of the window glass should not be lower than +10″C.
The outer walls of a dwelling are considered satisfactory if, in winter, with sufficient heating, the required air temperature is maintained in it, there is no condensation of moisture on the inner surface of the walls, and there is no accumulation of moisture in the enclosing walls and in the air of the room.
Dampness on the walls of the residential premises of the house occurs due to defects in the outer walls and sanitary and technical devices made during the design and construction of the house, as well as during its operation. In urban apartments located in high-rise buildings, dampness can be caused by the use of blocks and panels of high humidity, leakage through the joints of the panels, poor sealing joints, unsatisfactory drying of panels during the finishing work.
If dampness has appeared in the basements and premises of the first floor, it is worth paying attention to the serviceability of the yard and street water and sewer networks, as well as yard drainage networks. Often the reason for the appearance of moisture is poorly executed pasting or non-rolled waterproofing of the basement floor.
To eliminate the dampness of the outer walls in the overlying floors, it is usually enough to improve the operation of heating and ventilation or to increase the moisture and heat-shielding properties of structures. Sometimes it is necessary to use both means, i.e. waterproofing and wall insulation. These works are carried out by the repair and construction organizations.
A special place in the normalization of the parameters of the microclimate of the dwelling is occupied by the southern regions, where the outdoor temperature reaches 35'C. The optimal temperature of a dwelling in such areas is considered to be + 24-25 * C with a relative humidity of 40-55% and its mobility of 0.15-0.20 m / s
The microclimate of the dwelling is significantly influenced by interior decoration walls and equipment. In residential premises with surfaces finished with lime plasters, the latter play the role of a relative humidity regulator, absorbing moisture from the air at high relative humidity and releasing it at low relative humidity. Surfaces finished with adhesive paints behave in the same way.
When replacing plaster and adhesive finishes with other materials that do not absorb moisture (oil and enamel paints, washable and moisture-resistant wallpapers), the relative humidity depends on the amount of moisture. allocated by various household appliances and machines (open water containers, humidifiers, wet cleaning, boiling laundry, etc.), excess household moisture settles on such materials.
If you do not know what the air temperature in the apartment should be in winter, how to measure and increase it, then this article is for you.
The temperature in the apartment
| Name of premises | Air temperature, С | Resulting temperature, С | Relative humidity, % | Air speed, m/s |
| Cold period of the year |
||||
| Living room | 18-24 | 17-23 | ||
| The same, in areas of the coldest five-day period (minus 31 degrees and below) | 20-24 | 19-23 | ||
| Kitchen | 18-26 | 17-25 | n/n* | |
| Toilet | 18-26 | 17-25 | n/n | |
| Bathroom, combined toilet | 18-26 | 17-26 | n/n | |
| Inter-apartment corridor | 16-22 | 15-21 | ||
| lobby, stairwell | 14-20 | 13-19 | n/n | |
| Storerooms | 12-22 | 11-21 | n/n | n/n |
| Warm period of the year |
||||
| Living room | 20-28 | 18-27 | ||
- In ordinary rooms - 18 degrees.
- In corner rooms - 20 degrees.
- In the bathroom - 25 degrees.
- Battery temperature - a maximum of 35 degrees.
At the same time, it is assumed that the apartment can be warmer than the established norm by 4 degrees and colder by 3. Temperature fluctuations are also allowed for a longer interval at night.
The apartment may not be heated in winter for a maximum of 24 hours per month. At the same time, no more than 16 hours at a time. If this condition is not met, then tenants must pay less for heating for each extra hour.
If any of the above does not correspond to the norm, then you can complain to the DEZ, the HOA or the management company. If they do not take action, then you need to complain to the city department of the State Housing Inspectorate. In this case, there is a hotline and an online application form. However, first you need to prove that the apartment has a low temperature due to the fault of the management companies. And to prove it, you need to take measurements.
For this, infrared thermometers are usually used. They must be registered and have a certificate. Otherwise, the data will not be taken into account.
To measure temperatures with an infrared thermometer, you need to install a massive object a little more than one meter high in a place that is the center of two planes:
- The 1st plane is half a meter away from the battery and the outer wall
- 2nd plane - the intersection of the diagonals of the room
The picture shows this place more clearly.
After you put a massive object in the right place, wait a while for it to take the temperature of the room. Then point the beam of the infrared thermometer at it (while the beam should be at a height of 1 meter from the floor).
You need to measure the temperature in this way at least three times. The time between sets should not be less than 5 minutes. After that, the average value of temperatures is calculated.
If the apartment has several rooms, then measurements are taken in the room with the largest area.
If average temperature measurements corresponds to the norm, then you will not be able to make claims to the management company. Just as you cannot do this if the temperature is below normal and there are heat leaks. By the way, by eliminating heat leaks, you will increase the temperature in the apartment by at least 3-5 degrees.
How to increase the temperature in the apartment and eliminate heat leaks
Seal cracks in windows and doors. If the balcony is not glazed, then insulate the door leading to it. More details about this are in the articles:
- Insulate an apartment and save 3-10 thousand rubles on electricity
The remaining leaks can be detected using thermal imaging research.
If you have fixed the leaks, but the apartment is still cold, you should pay attention to the heating radiators. Their surface should have the same temperature (and not so - it is warmer at one end than at the other). Also, approximately the same temperature should be at the riser with the battery.
If this is not the case, then there may be several reasons:
- heating system worn out at home
- any radiator is defective
- Have you set the temperature on your thermostat?
In the first two cases, again, you need to contact the HOA or the management company. True, battery replacement will have to wait until the end of the heating season.
If you decide to start repairs in the winter, then you can not wait for the end of the heating season. Entrust it to us, we will replace the heating system at the same time.