Literacy in the most direct sense is the ability of a person to write correctly and build his speech in accordance with the rules of his native language. Literacy can be innate or acquired.

If you write without errors, but at the same time you cannot reproduce a single rule of the Russian language and do not read the classics avidly, you have innate literacy. It is based on a sense of language at the genetic level.

Acquired literacy is the result of self-development and self-improvement, tireless work on oneself.

The path to literacy is a ladder with many rungs

In the modern world, literacy is a calling card of a person. In its absence, it is impossible to get a good well-paid job - HR managers monitor this nuance already at the stage of accepting an application or resume. It has been observed that people who have correct speech, a rich vocabulary and the ability to write without errors, achieve success in any chosen field. A literate person is a priori perceived as intellectually developed, he is respected more than others. But improving literacy is not a one-day affair. You will need patience and perseverance in this noble cause.

Literacy methods

To begin with, determine what are your "weak" sides and what you would like to "pull up": spelling, punctuation, grammar, art of speech. Self-analysis must be objective. Next, make a short plan for yourself and move towards your assigned goal using the following literacy development methods.

The first method is to read classical literature. The benefits of reading good books cannot be overestimated. Even if you once read all the literature provided for by the school curriculum, there are still many new works that - believe me - will definitely interest you. It is possible that you will comprehend what you once read in a different way - thanks to the acquired life experience. While reading, you can feel the style of the work, the compatibility of words, punctuation features. Your vocabulary will definitely expand. In addition, reading contributes to the development of visual memory. But you need to read slowly, thoughtfully, comprehending each phrase. Pay particular attention to complex words and long sentences with complex punctuation.

The second method is to arm yourself with dictionaries. It can be both a book and an electronic version. If you are in doubt whether to write this or that word, or are faced with a new word, the meaning of which you did not know until now, do not be too lazy to look into the dictionary. As time goes by, you will need it less and less.

The third method is to learn the rules of the Russian language. One rule a day is enough.

The fourth method is to listen to audiobooks. For the development of literacy, it is very useful to listen to the correct "live" speech. Auditory memory won't hurt you.

The fifth method is to write dictations. Start with simple text, increasing its complexity and volume over time.

The sixth method is to make it a rule to write correctly everywhere. Even in social networks, chats and forums - where it is considered in the order of things to distort words, conveying only their meaning (“finally”, “like a thread”).

The seventh method is to try to make an audio or video recording of your speech. If you listen to yourself from the outside, it will be easier for you to understand what the mistakes of your speech are.

The eighth method is to develop literacy in a playful way. Feel free to get involved in crossword puzzles and computer games that help develop your intellectual abilities (anagrams, charades, rebuses, and others).

The ninth method is to sign up for Russian language courses. The help of a professional has never hurt anyone.

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• Don't know how to improve your literacy? We will advise!

Learning to write without errors is not easy, because Russian is considered the most difficult language in the whole world. At the same time, such difficulties in learning open up great opportunities for the use of different techniques, decorate written and oral speech.

The first thing to start with is spelling. Any one containing various colorful metaphors with a lot of spelling errors will look frivolous. Quite often there are people with several higher educations who still make mistakes in the text. As a rule, the reason for this phenomenon is the lack of timely study of the Russian language. The basis of correct written speech was precisely the absence of spelling errors.

In order to decorate your speech with beautiful metaphors, a lot follows. Only reading will allow you to unconsciously perceive and memorize the main, and in the future, special techniques in. You can study everything - periodicals, newspapers, magazines, modern and classic. In any of them you will get exactly what you need. And after a while, you will notice your own - understandable and competent language.

Pronunciation out loud will help you learn without mistakes. This will greatly reduce spelling errors. Thus, you will be able to control the logical integrity of the entire text.

Instruction

Having set yourself the goal of learning, do not be too lazy to look into the bookstore and buy educational software. For example, it's a good idea to start with a book that summarizes all the rules that are in 5 through 9. In such a manual, most of the most basic rules of morphology, spelling, syntax, punctuation and other sections of grammar will be collected. Having carefully worked through such a textbook, you will solve many spelling questions for yourself.

If you spend an hour or two on the Internet every day, it will be useful whenever you have doubts about the spelling of a word or phrase, check yourself on the reference and information portal of the GRAMOTA.RU portal at www.gramota.ru. On the main page, you can check the word in several dictionaries at once, and in the "Help" section, ask the portal specialists an answer, or find a previously asked question on a topic that interests you.

When typing text in Word documents, in general, you can focus on the built-in spelling and punctuation check, however, you should be aware that the Microsoft office suite “knows” far from all Russian words and rules. Therefore, check controversial words with the help of dictionaries or the GRAMOTA.RU portal.

As soon as the child begins to learn to write his first letters, teachers at school, together with their parents, want to teach him to write without errors. But not all children are the same, and spelling is easy for someone, and someone cannot cope with even the simplest words.

Instruction

First of all, it is not necessary to refer to the fact that literacy is inherited. Literacy needs to be developed, and for this you need to try very hard.

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note

Very often the cause of incorrect spelling in children is the fear of making a mistake. In this case, it is necessary to engage more with the child so that he feels more confident and is not afraid to make a mistake.

Helpful advice

When teaching a child to write correctly and correctly, it is recommended to advise him to say to himself what he wants to write. In this case, auditory memory is also included.

Despite the fact that numerous methods of teaching literate written speech have been developed for secondary school students, literacy is sometimes "lame" among quite diligent students. The ability to spell words correctly in writing depends, alas, not only on how conscientiously the student approaches the educational process. However, schoolchildren and their parents should not be upset - there is a way out.

You will need

• - a selection of books that can interest the student;
• -half an hour of free time daily to discuss what has been read with the child;
• - the opportunity to observe the progress of the child in the development of literate written speech.

Instruction

Pick up fascinating literature for children and youth that would not seem boring to a child of school years, and at the same time would be written full-fledged, rich and varied. Of course, it is worth starting from the way in which a teacher of literature builds his educational policy, but in any case there should be a place for a small amount of "out-of-class" reading. Our goal is regularity, a small amount of non-fatiguing text for every day.

Prepare your child for the fact that he will spend some time every day with a book, and not in a voluntary-compulsory manner, but certainly of his own free will - after all, how to refuse such pleasure? Try to remember moments from your own biography when reading really gave you real pleasure, and share your memories with the student. The main thing here is to prepare and create favorable conditions for daily entertaining reading, everything that follows will turn out to be a matter of technology.

Try from the very moment your child (nephew, student, ward) begins to deal daily with a small amount of interesting printed text, constantly monitor its spelling. Be interested in current grades, get acquainted with his dictations, checked and evaluated by the teacher. Based on these data, try to draw conclusions about the progress and the benefits that reading brings to you who cares.

Try to experiment with genres and styles of works that you think should captivate the child. While a more or less standard set of classics is recommended for middle schoolers, your pet's tastes can be simply unpredictable. Since we are now talking not about aesthetic education, but about raising the level of literacy, then in order to achieve the latter goal, some stereotypical pedagogical principles can also be sacrificed. In any case, if the child regularly spends at least some time with the book, there should be fewer errors in his notebooks.

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Helpful advice

In no case do not impose your preferences in the field of fiction on the child - your goal now is simply to dispose him to reading, whatever kind of reading it may be.

Remember that it is systematic reading that is important for the development of visual memory, that is, you need to read a little every day.

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• Spelling literacy of students

It is believed that a person can be called literate when he knows all the rules of the Russian language. Nevertheless, often people who have never learned the rules write without errors, and those who diligently crammed Russian language textbooks at school turn out to be illiterate. In order to write correctly, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the rules, but also to other ways to improve literacy.

Instruction

Use dictionaries and reference books. Whenever you come across an unfamiliar or expression, find its meaning, ask about its origin. Use new ones as often as possible. But do not get carried away - a large number of pompous, complex and incomprehensible expressions in a speech will not make you. The purpose of vocabulary replenishment is to learn how to accurately select the most appropriate word for a given context. Precise words you are not sure about using dictionaries. Refer to dictionaries to avoid repetition.

Every time you need to write something, practice. Carefully check and edit what you write. Reread the text several times, thinking about how accurately the thought is expressed, whether it will be clear to the reader, how the same meaning can be formulated more clearly and concisely. Weed out everything superfluous from the text. Check the spelling of difficult words in the dictionary, refer to the rules of punctuation if you are not sure about the placement of signs. Apply all these recommendations not only to texts that other people will have - emails, SMS or statements on forums, but also to your entries in your diary, diary, notes and tasks.

Read more. In modern life, a person pays little attention to books, preferring the mass media. Classical fiction, scholarly writings, and articles in magazines and newspapers will help improve literacy and enrich vocabulary. Visual information trains memory, which improves spelling.

Helpful advice

If you do not have dictionaries, use electronic versions that can be found on the Internet.

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• How to improve speech literacy

Written literacy is a kind of calling card of a person. If he writes with numerous spelling and grammatical errors, in many cases it will be difficult for him to qualify for a prestigious high-paying job. Therefore, increasing the literacy of writing for many people is quite an urgent task.

Instruction

Knowledge of the rules is a necessary, but not the only condition for competent written speech. A literate person may no longer remember the rules that he once learned in - he just knows exactly how to write. To achieve such "innate" literacy, one must read high-quality Russian literature. The correct construction of phrases, the spelling of words by the classics of Russian literature should be deposited in the mind, become a kind of template.

A remarkable example of Russian written language is the work of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky. If your home library does not have his books, download their electronic versions from one of the online libraries.

When reading Paustovsky's books, listen to the sound of the classic's speech. To its melodiousness, melody, rhythm. Correct written speech to poetry should flow smoothly, smoothly, with pauses in the right places, emphasizing its rhythm. The correct rhythm of the text is the basis of competent written speech.

Start mastering the correct rhythm by writing simple phrases of several words, then combine these phrases. For example: “It was a beautiful day. A light breeze carried the smell of flowering acacia. First, combine these phrases without a comma (this is wrong): “It was a fine spring day, a light breeze carried the smell of flowering acacia.” According to the rules, you need to separate with a comma, since each of them has a subject and . But if you just listen to the rhythm of the phrase, then catch a pause in the place where it should be. By learning to feel the rhythm of phrases, you can correctly place punctuation marks without thinking about the rules.

To master the rhythm, listen to audiobooks. Listen to how the reader pronounces phrases, in which places he makes punctuation pauses. When you write your texts, listen to their sound and put them in places that logically follow from the rhythm of the sound.

Use simulator programs to improve written speech, they can be found on the Internet. Such programs allow you to check various aspects of literacy, it is possible to choose the complexity. By working with such programs, you can significantly improve the quality of written speech.

There are children who, from the very beginning of learning to write, make practically no mistakes. Teachers praise them, and parents of less literate classmates set an example for their children and hope that their child will learn to write as well and correctly as Tanya, an excellent student. Meanwhile, the example of a classmate alone is not enough here. Develop language sense child possible, but this will require a set of measures.

You will need

• - books;
• - a computer with a text editor;
• - an account in a social network;
• - "Erudite" and other games with letters;
• - a collection of outdoor games for attention;
• - desktop printed games;
• - foreign language teacher.

Instruction

Develop phonemic awareness child. If you didn’t make sound models of words before school, it’s time to do it. Explain to him what sounds exist and how they are indicated in the letter. Not all words are spelled the way they are heard, and the child needs to learn the difference.

If there are no speech disorders, but there is obvious inattention, try to save yours from this shortcoming. There are many games for attention, and they can be played at any time, including on a walk. Choose those during which each participant will have to clearly perform the task. These can be classics, when it is necessary to strictly observe the sequence of movements, exercises with a rope, with a ball. Do not neglect word and board games when you need to accurately count, for example, the number of steps or name the city with the same letter as the name of the previous one. Store-bought or homemade letter games such as "Make a Word" or "Scrabble" can be of great help to you. The child understands the task, and he will involuntarily strive to compose words correctly.

Try to join child to reading. Not all children love books, but in this situation, a computer or an e-book reader can help you a lot. Many modern children are more willing to perceive text from the screen than from paper pages. Moreover, the desired work can often be found on the Internet rather than in the library. If you follow the rules of hygiene, then no harm to vision child the computer will not inflict.

Your thoughts, a chronicle of events or a description of something. Try to know to bring the reader up to date, answer the question: what is the article about. The conclusion summarizes what was stated in the article.

word games

So that the time in the queue, the road or in the process of any other waiting is not wasted, but passed as interesting and useful as possible, you can play with words. These can be rhymes, games of cities, a request to name words that begin with certain syllables, or make sentences in which each word begins with a certain letter of the alphabet.

Crosswords

Many children's magazines have a variety of crossword puzzles for children of different ages. There is no need to neglect them, because crossword puzzles perfectly train the brain and help to make speech literate.

Communication with parents

Children learn to speak with the help of their parents, so parental speech should always be as literate as possible. If the child makes mistakes, you need to correct him with a response sentence.

Word games on paper

New words and rules should be remembered not only by ear, but also visually. For this, word games are best suited with the help of letters written or printed on paper. For example, the gallows, the "Field of Miracles", the compilation of short words from one large one, the snake - writing a long chain of words, each word of which will begin with the last letter of the previous one.

Posters and posters on the wall

While learning to read, the child should regularly pay attention to the letters so that they are better remembered. And along with the letters, new words will be remembered, which will lead to an increase in vocabulary. Various posters and posters can be hung on the walls, on which there are images and captions to them. Themes can be very different - from flowers and animals to modes of transport and geometric firms. Such posters will be an ideal assistant for the correlation of the visual image with the word.

Dictionaries

Every child should have a spelling dictionary. In addition to professional ones, you need to make your own dictionary, which will contain the most difficult words, most often causing difficulties. As soon as a few words have accumulated (5-10-15), you can make crossword puzzles from them, write short dictations, play “find the mistake”.

Parents should remember that such exercises with the child should take place in the form of games in a favorable environment, and not turn into a painful and unloved activity that discourages the desire to learn.

There are a number of ways to acquire literacy. These include working with dictionaries, memorizing the basic rules of the Russian language, which, in general, are contained in school textbooks, writing dictations, reading works of art, etc. It will be very useful to use several methods. And the main thing here is systematic and purposefulness.

Working with dictionaries

In the home library, you must have at least one explanatory and spelling dictionaries. The most popular and useful are explanatory dictionaries edited by Ushakov and Ozhegov. Every day you need to look at and memorize the spelling and meaning of at least five to six words. Pay special attention to the placement of the accent. This will allow not only to accurately write down new words, but also to pronounce them correctly, and will also significantly expand your vocabulary. Even if you think that you have a fairly rich vocabulary, there will always be interesting and unfamiliar words, as the language is constantly evolving, replenished with new vocabulary, some words become archaic, leave everyday speech, being used only in.

Russian language rules

It would not be superfluous to recall what was studied in the Russian language. There are enough of them. The presence of such a set of rules is primarily associated with language reforms, with the formation of a language on the foundation of pre-existing dialects. These phenomena have given rise to exceptions to these rules, which also should not be overlooked. Moreover, almost every rule has an exception. In this regard, the Russian language is quite difficult to learn for foreigners.

Home dictations

Daily recording under dictation of texts after a certain time will undoubtedly give its results. This is a method proven over the years to memorize the spelling of hitherto unfamiliar words, punctuation marks, and sentence construction. It has been used for centuries. However, those who have more developed memory associated with motor skills and sound perception achieve the greatest success in this. This is where consistency plays a big role. Half an hour of classes a day is enough to start writing more competently in a couple of months.

Reading Literature

No less useful in this case will be reading fiction. The classics are preferable, since it is there that all the beauty and splendor of the Russian language will open before you. All sorts of metaphors, allegories and other artistic techniques used by the authors make the language special and unique. Where else can you find such an abundance of vocabulary! It is in the literature that all possible ways of constructing sentences, the influence of emotions on the punctuation marks are found. At the same time, reading should become a good habit.

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Tip 18: How to improve your writing skills yourself

With the increasing availability of the Internet, the possibilities of communication in this truly worldwide network are expanding. It's so great to communicate with different people, to learn something new, to do business. However, it is very important to communicate correctly. How to independently increase the level of your literacy, expand your vocabulary?

Even if you didn’t study well at school and have a weak “3” in the Russian language in your certificate (which, most often, corresponds to an objective grade of “2”), as an adult you can significantly improve your writing literacy, learn to express your thoughts in an original, interesting way.

Read!

Start with the works of great writers - learn from them, look for original expressions, rare words. Force yourself to read at least one story (a short story or a chapter of a novel) a day. If you do not know the meaning of some words, be sure to look them up in the explanatory dictionary.

Helpful advice: a person who reads a lot quickly begins to write more competently, however, in order to further speed up this process, read long and complex words several times, slowly, preferably out loud.

I want to draw the reader's attention to the following problem: in books published after 2000, there are much more errors than in Soviet ones. Try to choose books published before 1980-90.

Write!

Of course, learning to write correctly without practice will not work. Divide "writing" into several stages. Start with texts, then start dictating yourself (ask for help from relatives, acquaintances, or write from audio recordings of books). After the number of errors made in the texts is significantly reduced, proceed to the presentations (pay attention not only to literacy, but also to the logic of presenting information, the artistic merits of your text). Remember that the complexity of the texts you work with should gradually increase.

Helpful advice: the ideal option at the stage of written training is to find an assistant who will keep you company, will dictate, check your texts. The opposite situation is also useful - checking someone else's dictation, presentation.

After training on other people's texts, move on to creating your own. Start, for example, keeping a diary, writing

Ecology of life: What is literacy. Is it only the unmistakable spelling of words and the correct use of punctuation marks? I'm sure it's something more.

Is literacy important to a person? And for a writer?Should I go to the writers if there are problems with literacy - errors in words and punctuation marks, confusion in the formulation of thoughts on paper?

This article is about the fact that most often the ability to express thoughts colorfully and accurately on paper goes hand in hand with literacy ..

It is important to understand how to improve personal literacy, whether it can be done, what steps to take. The benefits of literacy are obvious, because in the age of unprecedented development of technology and virtual communication, people have partially lost their sense of their native language and have forgotten the language rules.

This text is intended to remind you of the benefits of reading, the importance of maintaining the purity of the language; will talk about ways to improve their own literacy, not only to start writing correct articles, but also for general personal development. Without a high level of knowledge of the native language, there is no full-fledged, accomplished and cultured person.

“If culture is the home,” he said, then language is the key and

to the front door, and to all the rooms inside.

Without a language, you said, you will get lost, you will remain homeless,

without full self-identity.

H. Hosseini "And it flies over the mountains"

At the end of last year, a colleague asked me how to become literate. She tries to write posts for social networks, she always has a lot of interesting ideas swarming in her head, but there are huge problems with literacy! And not only with punctuation marks, but also with the wording of the phrases themselves. And as far as I can see from the people with whom I communicate at work, this is a common sore spot.

Unfortunately, the current trend is that people are more and more often mistaken, more and more often they cannot quickly and clearly formulate their thoughts in order to put them on paper. People do not know how to write laconic letters, and then they are surprised that no one answered them. General literacy has deteriorated greatly.

I had a "funny" case. When almost 10 years ago we filled out an application for marriage in the registry office with my future husband, the registry office employee could not hide her delight and surprise by accepting our completed application. Seeing our bewilderment, she immediately explained that in a long time we were the first couple who filled out the application correctly the first time. Sad.

Recall our main question - is it worth it to start writing something, to think about the future of writing, if you are not in trouble with literacy? My unequivocal answer is worth it. But you just need to start writing for yourself, not dreaming of the glory of the writer. To begin with, you must definitely come into a certain form (like athletes), which later will allow you to write for others, and not on the table. But in order to get into shape, you need to work seriously, up to a sweat.

And before moving on to the essence of our question, I propose to formulate for ourselves what literacy is. Is it only the unmistakable spelling of words and the correct use of punctuation marks? I'm sure it's something more.

Yes, the absence of errors is important, of course. And it is desirable to have innate literacy or some kind of inner instinct that helps to write words correctly and choose commas correctly. But this is not all that for me is included in the broad concept of “literacy. It is important to feel the language, to understand in what situations or contexts it is necessary and possible to use certain words, phrases and expressions. It also includes life experience, erudition, observation, curiosity. Without this, a person cannot be fully literate.

So,Is it possible to improve your literacy level and how to do it?

Yes, you can and should do this throughout your life.

I suggest the following 10 steps to improve personal literacy:

1. Constantly refer to special helper resources.

3. Get yourself a dictionary of the Russian language in the format of a handbook.

4. Solve crosswords and puzzles.

5. Write dictations.

6. Attend literacy courses.

7. Run written texts for literacy check

8. When in doubt about the spelling of words, it is better to replace the word, a phrase that is close in meaning, or clarify the spelling with colleagues, friends.

9. You need to practice a lot in writing texts. It is better to start with simple short stories about everything. Here you can take the akyn's rule - what I see, I sing. The main thing is simplicity. Do not invent topics, do not take too complex subjects to describe, just look around. For a change, you can write down your dreams. It's doubly helpful.

10. Write essays. Remember from school what it is? This is a written retelling of a short story in your own words. It is useful to combine reading with presentation. We read a short story, rewrote it in our own words, then compared it with the original.

The main thing is to exercise daily, then progress will not keep you waiting. Good luck!

There is an opinion that spelling literacy is an innate trait. But in practice, it turns out that linguistic flair is characteristic of those who read a lot since childhood. Therefore, we can conclude that literacy is an acquired quality, it can be developed, and the easiest way to do this is from a young childhood. We will tell you how to improve the literacy of the Russian language in a child by grades 2-3.

In order to train the rules for writing words, the child uses three centers:
eyes - to see the written or printed word and visually memorize it;
ears - perceive the word by ear, pronounce it, listen to the sound;
hand - write down the word and fix it in memory.

If an environment has been created in the house in which the child constantly uses his native language and develops spelling vigilance, then the transition from children's cards signed in block letters “Mom, congratulations on the holidays!” before school dictations, written in "four" and "five", takes place in a gradual and relaxed manner. Several effective ways can help with this.

Reading

There is no age too young to start reading. Listening to poems and fairy tales, the baby perceives and copies the sounds of his native speech. Thanks to the alphabet with bright pictures, children develop visual associations with which letters certain words begin. Starting to read on their own, the child expands the vocabulary, sees the correct spelling of words many times and automatically remembers it, so sometimes in the future it will be enough to close your eyes and imagine the word printed on paper to make sure its spelling is correct. Therefore, the book should still be one of the best gifts for children.

Solving crosswords

Start with crossword puzzles in children's magazines, where pictures with numbers are drawn instead of word tasks. Nothing if at first the child will incorrectly enter unstressed vowels into the cells. Give him a “write-erase” pen and tell him how the right word is actually written.

Oral word games

On the road, in line, when you need to wait for a word game - an interesting way to pass the time, as well as an exciting speech training. Examples of such games are:

Rhymes;
words (similar to the game of "cities");
name a word that begins with the syllable "pa", "lo", "tu" and so on;
make up a sentence from words that begin with the same letter, for example, "The fox catches the frog" or "The ball interferes with the sailor."

A lot of communication

Parental speech for children is the main set of rules of the native language, therefore it depends on the adults in the family how the child will emphasize the words “ringing” or “cakes”. If you notice that he makes the same speech error, carefully correct it in the response sentence.

- Mom, where do they put the forks?
- Forks are placed in the top drawer of the table.

If you use words correctly and communicate a lot in the family on various topics, then even the inevitable speech errors from others will not be transmitted to your children.

Word games on paper

Snake - write down as long a chain of words as possible, where each subsequent word begins with the last letter of the previous one;
gallows or "Field of Miracles";
confusion - make words from mixed cards with letters;
making many small words out of one big one.

Entertainment using letters

Involve words and letters in joint games with children.

Draw small comics on a topic that the children are currently passionate about (insects, Lego, fairies): homemade comics are often an incentive for independent reading;
invite the child to come up with and write a picture book and a little story together;
make collages with cutting out words from newspaper and magazine headlines;
make bracelets from wooden or plastic beads with letters;
make a home decoration with a word that describes your family - letters can be written, for example, on beautiful sea stones.

Posters on the wall

In a house where there are children, a poster with the alphabet often hangs on the wall so that the kids pay attention to it and learn the letters. In the same way, it is possible to ensure the visibility of the spelling of other words and terms. Bookstores have a variety of posters on various topics: flowers and animals, transportation, sports, geometric shapes, and so on. Correlating the visual image with the spelling of the word, the child from childhood remembers how it is spelled.

Scrabble

The world-famous board game "Scrabble", as well as its Russian version - "Erudite", develop linguistic logic. Other notable word-building board games include Boggle and Tick Tock Boom.

Mnemonic memorization of rules

Children do not like to learn the rules, but they are always interested in playing and joking. Mnemonics offers to facilitate the memorization of rules with the help of rhyme, associations, creation of visual and sound images. Notable mnemonic examples:

Not wonderful, not beautiful, but terrible and dangerous to write the letter t in vain;
Already married unbearable;
I put on clothes, I put on Nadezhda;
That, something, either, something - do not forget the hyphen.

Tell the children about these and other examples so that remembering some of the rules and exceptions does not seem boring and difficult for them.

Dictionaries

A spelling dictionary is a necessary book in the home of every student. But in addition to turning to professional dictionaries, it is also useful to have a personal dictionary for words that cause difficulties. By typing 7-10 of these words, children can:

Write little dictations with them;

Make a crossword puzzle out of them;
write down a particularly difficult word with all the colors of the rainbow;
play "find the mistake" or "insert the missing letter".

Cheating exercises, as well as morphological and phonetic analysis will be offered to children at school in large numbers in the lessons of their native language. And at home, on the parental side, it is desirable to maintain a favorable atmosphere, where reading, talking about literature and intellectual games with words are a natural and beloved part of life.

The problem of deep and solid knowledge of students is always relevant for the school. Its successful solution determines, in particular, the level of spelling preparation of schoolchildren. However, it is no secret that the decline in the level of speech culture in our society has a negative impact on the quality of students' writing. Therefore, improving spelling literacy is one of the main tasks facing teachers - philologists.

What to do if time passes, and the child continues to make mistakes in well-known words, although the rules have long been learned by heart, dozens of dictations have been written and all the exercises have been done from a school textbook?

One of the first directions in my work when teaching the Russian language is the formation of strong skills of literate writing. And since any skill, including spelling, is formed in activity and is the result of repeated actions, in the method of teaching spelling, I pay serious attention to studying the patterns of such activities, as well as finding ways and means to increase the effectiveness of teaching spelling, taking into account these patterns.

The main goal of modern education is determined - achievement by the student of a level sufficient to ensure his self-realization and guaranteeing progress in the development and forward movement of modern society.

The implementation of this goal is possible through the solution of three main tasks:

- achieving a level of education corresponding to the potential of the student and ensuring the further development of his personality and the possibility of continuing education, including through self-education.

Formation in each student experience of creative, socially significant activity in the realization of their abilities.

Student accumulation experience of communication and interaction based on humanistic relations.

The level of education (education) is understood as - the quality of a person, which is determined by the ability to solve the problems of cognitive, value-oriented, communicative and transformative activities, based on the mastered social experience.

The basis of any level of education is, first of all, LITERACY. In this case:

literacy is the level of education, characterized by the ability to use the main methods of cognitive activity, through the perception and textual transmission of linguistic information.

Literate writing involves the ability to find, recognize the phenomena of the language on the basis of the so-called spelling skill, which helps the writer to stop, think, check himself when necessary.

Unfortunately, not all teachers understand the meaning of this. Therefore, the most common reason for low spelling literacy of students is the lack of formation of spelling skills. Spelling is a complex skill. It is created during long exercises and is based on simpler skills and abilities, such as:

1) writing skill;

2) the ability to analyze the word from the phonetic side;

3) the ability to establish the morphemic composition of the word and isolate from the word the spelling that requires verification;

4) the ability to bring the spelling under the corresponding rule.

Back in the first years of working at school, at individual consultations, I recommended to the children both thoughtful daily reading aloud, and rewriting paragraphs with subsequent self-examination. I do not refuse these forms of individual work even now. At the first stages of work in the 5th grade, I pay a lot of attention to playful, entertaining forms of work. It is necessary to awaken interest and self-confidence in each student. One of the most important skills that fifth graders should master is the ability to justify the correct spelling of words and punctuation marks. And for this you need to teach to see the identifying signs of the spelling and the conditions for choosing the spelling. From games with words, I gradually move on to the graphic designation of orthograms. Various types of work help to form this skill: spelling, vocabulary, explanatory, selective, distributive dictations, the use of signal cards, didactic games, algorithms, etc.

There are a great many tables - summary rules, reference materials, all kinds of "tips", various manuals on the Russian language. But how can a student navigate them? How to teach each student to accurately apply the rules of the Russian language? In recent years, algorithms have firmly entered the practice of teachers. As a rule, students with different levels of training in all subjects, and in particular, in the Russian language, come to the 5th grade. My task is to pull up the lagging behind and give impetus to improve the level of literacy to those students who see themselves in the future as a person of high social status. Algorithms help to significantly increase the level of literacy of children striving for this.

What is an algorithm? In the Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary we read: "An algorithm is a method (program) for solving computational and other problems that precisely prescribes how and in what sequence to obtain a result uniquely determined by the initial data." Simply put, an algorithm in a Russian language lesson is a method of action (an extended instruction, a diagram) indicating what and in what sequence the student should perform in order to apply this or that rule. For example, you often encounter the inability of students to determine the declension of a noun and the conjugation of a verb. Algorithms work very well.

There are very simple algorithms that include 1 - 2 steps, but they also discipline the work of the student's thought. For example, many schoolchildren do not immediately learn how to determine whether a complex or simple sentence is given to them. Algorithm helps

There are algorithms that contain 3 - 4 "steps" that allow you to get to the solution of this problem. It may seem too cumbersome to some, but the result of applying such algorithms exceeds all expectations: errors almost completely disappear.

How to introduce an algorithm in a lesson? Of course, after getting acquainted with the rule. The first way: to give the finished algorithm in its entirety. The second way: gradually, step by step. The third way: by leading questions, lead students to compose an algorithm. I prefer the latter, because it allows you to develop logical thinking, makes the student think, and not receive the finished product of the teacher's activity.

After the introduction of the algorithm, it is necessary to consolidate on the repeated repetition of actions. Here everything depends on the teacher's imagination, on the methods of his work on fixing the topic. First, of course, oral work (frontal and individual), then written exercises (commenting, selective dictation, selective distribution work, etc.).

To write without mistakes

• read in syllables;
• find spelling;
• explain the choice of letters;
• fix the mistakes

It is important that students learn how to perform the logical operations proposed by the algorithm, so that they see in a word or sentence the place where the rule needs to be applied. How to ensure that the spelling is seen and not confused with another?

Students should learn how to use the algorithm for solving a spelling problem:

1. determine the place where the spelling problem arose;

2.to which group of rules does this spelling belong;

3. in what part of the word is the spelling;

4.set which letter to check: vowel or consonant;

5. determine the stress in the word;

6.determine a checked or unchecked spelling;

7.write the word according to the rule.

I will give several types of exercises for the development of spelling vigilance.

Read the proverb: Spring is red with flowers, and autumn with sheaves. Determine in which words the vowels should be checked or memorized.

"Pick up the letters": Russians are beautiful l: sa! L:sa went through the fluffy snow. Explain why the words are pronounced the same but are spelled differently.

I use various written works in my work:

Selective write-off;

Visual dictation;

Dictation "Guess the word" - the teacher gives an interpretation, the children write down the word itself (Often such dictations are made by the students themselves.);

- "mute" dictation - the teacher shows the drawing, the students write down the word;

Lexical dictation - children must give an interpretation to dictated words;

The dictation "For a friend" (a dictionary dictation of 15-20 words prepared by students on a specific topic) helps to identify those who doubt the spelling of a particular spelling, a signal to the teacher that you need to continue working on this spelling;

Task "Explain the difference" - work with pairs of words similar in sound, but different in meaning (this helps to prevent errors in the use of these words caused by ignorance of their exact meaning);

Making phrases and sentences.

The next stage of vocabulary work is a diagnostic vocabulary dictation. As a result of such work, the words that are most difficult for students are revealed. We will work on them in subsequent lessons. And only after that a control dictionary dictation is given.

As a rule, systematic work gives positive results: the number of good and excellent grades increases, significantly less twos.

Systematic, carefully planned and well-organized vocabulary work not only develops spelling vigilance, literacy, but also expands the vocabulary of students, develops speech, and also disciplines children, contributing to the stability of attention. And as a result - respect for the native language, increased interest in the subject.

When performing a dictation, in the process of writing, I allow you to underline dubious letters.

The guys love the game "Find an extra word" very much. For example, I offer students the following vocabulary dictation: village, notebook, Saturday, Moscow, garden, pencil, black, forty.

In order to write a word correctly, the student must recognize "the grammatical nature of the spelling and bring it under the appropriate rule." Most alphabetic orthograms have identifying features (the letters o-e after words hissing at the root, -n- and -nn- in adjectives, the spelling of prefixes in z, s, and many others). Words with a root unstressed vowel do not have such obvious signs. Therefore, about 30% of students are not able to isolate words with an unstressed vowel in the root from a number of words. The reason for such a low level of formation of the skill of seeing this orthogram is probably that students do not visually feel the root, they single it out "in the already written word" and "single it out formally" (M. M. Razumovskaya), they do not associate this root with its real value. And when choosing test words, they pay attention only to the external similarity of the checked and test words, not taking into account the main thing: you need to highlight the root, based on its meaning.

Therefore, the main thing in the process of fixing the spelling of the checked vowels at the root should be the formation of two skills: 1) vision of the named spelling and 2) reliance on semantics.

I recommend using a simple technique, using which, in the process of checking spelling, an active replenishment of the dictionary of schoolchildren takes place. This is the attraction of the maximum number of test words or single-root words, among which those that are suitable for spell checking are then selected. Usually the teacher is satisfied that the child correctly named one test word. For example: garden - garden. If he turns to the class with a request to give other test words (who is more?), then a whole nest of single-root vocabulary is collected: kindergarten, planting, estate, backyard, etc. At the same time, related words are involved, the semantic connections between them are realized, with Necessarily, the meanings of some of them are interpreted based on cognate words. The constant use of this accessible and effective technique forms the habit of schoolchildren to operate with single-root vocabulary, educates language flair, develops thinking, activates cognitive activity, and helps to include each child in collective work. This approach introduces elements of creativity into the educational process, creates motivation (That's why we learned to interpret words, to disassemble them by composition!).

One of the significant reasons for the low level of spelling literacy is that our children have stopped reading. Reading develops intelligence, speech, enriches vocabulary, grammatical structure of speech, which is important for literate writing. In the process of reading, visual memorization of language units is triggered, and this plays a huge role in the development of spelling skills. This means that the task of teachers and parents is to instill in younger students a love for the book, to form in them the need to read for their own pleasure, and not under duress. This, in my opinion, is another way to solve the problem of increasing the level of literacy of students.

The problem of spelling literacy of students remains one of the central problems of teaching the Russian language. And the greatest attention here should be paid to the spelling of checked unstressed vowels in the root and words with unchecked spellings, since it is these spellings that, according to M. M. Razumovskaya, give a high (30 - 50% of the total) percentage of errors even in high school .

The use of the methods and forms described in this work makes it possible to reduce the number of errors in words with the indicated spellings, and, consequently, improve the spelling literacy of students.

Of course, the work is not completed and needs further improvement, but the forms and methods described in it not only improve literacy, but also develop students' speech, broaden their horizons, and arouse interest in the subject. I think that this work can be useful for novice teachers.

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