For lovers of "silent" hunting, the mushroom season begins in early summer and lasts until late autumn. And rarely do they return home without a "catch". The main thing is that the summer should not be dry and hot, but periodically please them with drizzling rains.
mushroom picker calendar
Everything in nature is interconnected. And even picking mushrooms is no exception. Cherry blossoms - boletus appears. The first thunderstorms will thunder, rye will sprout in the field - aspen mushrooms will immediately jump out. When the fragrant linden blossoms and the aroma of honey spreads, a second, more diverse wave of mushrooms will appear. But the richest mushroom time is, undoubtedly, the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. But when are porcini mushrooms harvested?
They grow from late June to October, but if the summer is humid and warm, they can be found earlier. The folk calendar says that the first mushrooms are harvested when the rye is harvested. And when the linden blossomed, it was time for the second collection of mushrooms.
Mushroom-well done
Like most other mushrooms, it has many names: boletus, white mushroom, zhytnik, hare, pechura, cowshed. The names do not reflect the beauty of this young mushroom. Dense and strong, with a dry, roundish hat of various shades - from ocher-brown to brown-red - it seems that it is intended only to admire it. It is not for nothing that many lovers of “silent” hunting collect these mushrooms at a cost.
White mushrooms. Where to collect them
According to the place of growth, mushrooms are divided into birch, oak, spruce and pine. For each pore, the white fungus chooses its favorite place.
White birch trees appear first in early June in well-warmed places, along with boletus and some other mushrooms. At this time, bread is eared in the field, so the people call them spikelets. In July, in the first decade, it's time for mushroom hunting in oak forests. White oak mushrooms are friendly: they are found in whole families. Later, but also in July, birch whites appear again. They are called "stubblers" because the harvest begins in the field. It is necessary to look for such white ones in a sparse birch forest. In late July and early August, spruce whites emerge from the ground. They are found in young plantings of Christmas trees, and also in where there are many birches and firs. Behind spruce trees come pine whites, dark heads - they are already growing until the end of the season, they prefer edges or clearings with sparse ferns, overgrown with bushes and rare pines.
So when are porcini mushrooms harvested? The timing of the collection of various mushrooms is approximate. First of all, they depend on climatic conditions. Of course, warm and moderately rainy weather will allow mushrooms to appear earlier than average, and cold or too dry weather will delay their collection.
Porcini. When to collect it
With morning dawn. Mushrooms are good to pick in the early morning, before the dew has fallen, and before the sun heats them up. Then the mushrooms are stored for a longer time. Heated by the sun, laid in a basket or bucket in a thick layer, they begin to deteriorate quickly - they become wet and slippery, emit an unpleasant odor. They are not recyclable.
A few more tips on when to pick porcini mushrooms. Mushrooms grow best in warm steamy weather, the most suitable temperature for this is not lower than 16 and not higher than 25 degrees, when the soil is well saturated with moisture. Warm drizzling rain promotes the growth of mushrooms. By the way, the first mushrooms that pop up a couple of days after such a rain are most often wormy, and real mushroom growth, strong and pleasing to the eye, will appear a little later. So you need to know when porcini mushrooms are harvested in order to return from a “quiet” hunt with a full basket of handsome boletus mushrooms.
Many mushroom pickers are interested in where porcini mushrooms grow now? And this is not surprising, because fans of the "quiet hunt" are reverent for this macromycete, which is called the miracle of the mushroom kingdom. Therefore, the question “where they grow is far from being idle. Any mushroom picker will put them in his basket with great joy.
Description
The porcini fungus has a hemispherical cap at an early age, but over time it straightens out, becomes more convex, and sometimes flattens. Its diameter can reach 20 cm or more. The color of the cap varies from light brown to dark brown. Coloring directly depends on the place where porcini mushrooms grow. In coniferous forests, hats are chestnut-brown with a reddish tint or dark brown. In deciduous forests, they are pale yellow or light in color. The color scheme also depends on the level of illumination. In the sun, the mushroom seems to tan - its surface becomes darker.
Juveniles are dull white. Over time, the color becomes slightly yellowish, somewhat with a greenish tint. In young macromycetes, the stem is barrel-shaped, light gray or light brown. As it grows in height, it acquires a cylindrical shape. Its diameter is up to 7 cm, height is up to 15 cm. The flesh is white, strong, does not change its color on fractures. Fresh mushrooms have no specific smell. Rich in vitamin D.
These macromycetes are found everywhere in forests of mixed, deciduous and coniferous types. They are collected from June to October. The most interesting thing is that you can determine where porcini mushrooms of a particular subspecies grow by the color of their fruiting body. According to this feature and "forest registration" there are about twenty varieties of macromycetes. So, they distinguish spruce and birch pine and ladybug, as well as others. All these macromycetes belong to the highest category. They grow on all types of soils, except for peat. In some regions, these mushrooms are found in very large quantities.
White mushrooms form mycorrhiza with some varieties of trees. They bear fruit in waves. The first wave begins in early June, the second - closer to mid-July, the third - in August, etc. Yields are different. As a rule, the first harvest is the most meager. Mushroom pickers believe that this macromycete is somehow connected with. Where the white mushroom grows, one can also meet a poisonous handsome man. Moreover, white accompanies fly agaric. If the latter bears fruit, then the porcini mushroom has also appeared. True, the reliability of this information is difficult to verify.
Porcini mushrooms are eaten in pickled, stewed, fried, boiled, dried form. They make countless dishes. And if a fresh copy does not differ in a special smell (as already mentioned), then the aroma of dried macromycetes is simply unique. Some mushroom pickers believe that any other use of this product is blasphemy. By the way, if dry porcini mushrooms are kept in lightly salted milk for several hours, then they again become as if fresh. In terms of nutrition, these macromycetes are twice as superior to chicken eggs.
Useful and fragrant. It got its name due to the cap, which does not change color even after drying. The fungus remains white, although other species gradually turn black.
The nutritional and taste qualities are excellent. From the article you will learn everything about the white mushroom: when to collect them, where they grow, how to distinguish them from inedible ones.
Description of white fungus
Almost every summer, mushroom pickers rejoice in the harvest. How nice it is to look for mushrooms and at the same time enjoy the fresh clean air. White mushroom is in great demand. When to collect it, every person who specializes in this business knows. There is an opinion that the porcini mushroom is from the genus of mushrooms.
The diameter of the hat is most often 25 cm. Sometimes it reaches 27, and even 30 cm. It all depends on the species. As soon as the hat begins to grow, it looks like a hemisphere. Gradually becomes flatter and drier. The color of the white fungus is varied. Depending on the habitat. As the mushroom pickers say, depending on how much light hits the mushroom. It can be either white or dark brown. That is, the lighter the area, the darker the mushroom.
The length of the stem is 15, 20 and even 25 cm. The thickness of the mushroom varies. At first, his leg is thin, over time it becomes cylindrical in shape and reaches 10 cm.
The fungus has a tube on which small pores are clearly visible. As it grows, its color changes. At first it is light white, then yellowish, and at the time of ripening it is green. At the very break of the leg from the hat, the color does not change. This is the white mushroom. When to collect it, you need to know. After all, you can not use it green and overripe.
The benefits of porcini mushroom
Such a product contains carotene, vitamin B, C, D and riboflavin. It is these vitamins that help strengthen nails, hair, skin and the entire body. The high content of sulfur and polysaccharides helps with cancer.
The porcini fungus contains a lot of lecithin, with the help of which atherosclerosis is treated and hemoglobin increases. It has a lot of protein, which gradually disappears when frying. That is why it is recommended to use dried mushrooms. They are better absorbed in the body.
Carbohydrates found in white fungus support, strengthen the immune system and protect against a variety of viruses. Therefore, it is recommended to use them as often as possible. However, mushrooms are heavy food for the stomach. Try to use them dried in soups. Where do porcini mushrooms grow and when to collect them, read the article.
Harm of white mushrooms
People often use toxic substances without even knowing it. Any mushrooms that grow near the highway or in polluted places are strong natural sorbents. They absorb all the toxic substances. Therefore, in order to maintain your health, you need to look for white fungus in clean places. When to collect and where, we will tell further.
Doctors forbid giving mushrooms to children. If there is poisoning, it is almost impossible to save the child.
The child's body cannot cope with the mushroom chitin shell, as it does not have enough necessary enzymes to digest food. Especially the mushrooms.
habitats
Many people do not know where white mushrooms grow. Wet and rainy conditions are most suitable for them. Where there is horsetail, porcini mushrooms cannot be found in the forest.
Most often, such a delicacy is found near fly agarics. In what forests do porcini mushrooms grow? Experienced mushroom pickers can answer this question. Often they are located near rivers or streams. Mushrooms love not only moisture, but also heat. In hot weather, they hide under bushes, grass, and in autumn, on the contrary, they look for open places so that the sun warms them.
Mushroom pickers have an idea in which forests porcini mushrooms grow. After all, they can not be found everywhere. Pine forests or birch groves are famous for porcini mushrooms. In these places, they do not grow alone, but in families. Therefore, if you find at least one mushroom, do not go far, there are probably more nearby.
All forests, coniferous, pine or deciduous, are famous for porcini mushrooms. However, only in old places. Young forests cannot boast of the abundance of this glorious delicacy.
Now you understand in which forests ceps grow, and you can easily go in search of them.
Where to collect porcini mushrooms in the suburbs
This wonderful delicacy does not grow in every forest. Such a territory is located in the direction from Moscow to the West. It is there that there are forests with high humidity and all the conditions for the growth of porcini mushrooms.
This is in the Ruzsky or Shakhovsky districts. If you go from Moscow to the north, then you can turn to the suburb of Taldom.
Experienced ecologists believe that it is impossible to pick porcini mushrooms in the Khimki or Lyubertsy forest. These areas are considered polluted, and the conditions in them are unfavorable for porcini mushrooms. Even if they are edible, they can be poisonous only because they have absorbed all the harmful substances.
Now you know where to collect porcini mushrooms in the Moscow region, and it will not be difficult for you to figure out clean and polluted areas. Most often, the harvest for this wonderful delicacy is large, the main thing is not to make a mistake in it and not to pluck the poisonous one.
When to pick porcini mushrooms
In spring and winter, you can not look for this delicacy. It will be impossible to find them anyway. No one can say for sure in which month porcini mushrooms are harvested. They usually appear in June and their season lasts until October. If summer started earlier, in April or May, and the air humidity is high, then the first white mushrooms can be found. However, if the autumn is frosty and the cold has come early, then do not expect them in October.
They grow very fast. From a small one, weighing 3 grams, in a week it becomes about 200-250 grams. Very often you can meet giants who reach 700 gr. As long-term practice has shown, the smaller the mushroom, the better it is absorbed by the body. That is, a very small one does not fit, as it is not ripe. Ideal for eating from 100 gr. up to 300 gr. There is a lot of fiber in too large mushrooms, so it is difficult for the human body to absorb them.
A very useful porcini mushroom. When to collect it, decide for yourself. However, it is always worth remembering that summer is the optimal time for harvesting. White mushrooms are very fond of worms and insects. Therefore, in the fall, you need to try to find a good and undamaged product.
The difference between a false mushroom and a real one
Very often people collect the wrong product that they need. Everything happens out of ignorance. Therefore, they confuse the false white mushroom with the real one. They are found equally under deciduous or coniferous trees. They look almost identical.
The first misconception of people is that the inedible false white fungus grows separately. It can be seen in a warm, illuminated clearing or edge. The false mushroom often overlaps with the real one.
The first difference is the awful bitter taste. The false mushroom is not classified as poisonous, so more experienced people try a very small piece. A very bitter taste appears immediately.
If you are afraid to try the mushroom during collection, then heat treatment will help you. When roasted or boiled, the bitter taste becomes unbearable.
Be careful, as the pulp of the false mushroom contains toxic substances that gradually poison the body. With constant use, the liver is destroyed, its performance, and even cirrhosis can develop.
Symptoms of poisoning
You already know what a porcini mushroom is, when to collect it and where. However, it is necessary to understand what symptoms are in case of poisoning, and what to do in this case. As practice has shown, the first signs appear no later than two hours after consumption.
In case of poisoning, nausea, vomiting and severe diarrhea appear. The temperature rises to almost 40 degrees, and the hands and feet become very cold, and chills begin. In some cases, hallucinations are noticeable.
At the first signs of poisoning, it is necessary to take activated charcoal, drink as much cold water and strong chilled tea as possible. In the meantime, you need to call a doctor or an ambulance. Only with proper and timely treatment does a person have the opportunity to recover within three days.
A mushroom is a living organism that forms a separate kingdom of the same name. For a long time they were attributed to the plant kingdom. But due to the fact that mushrooms are characterized by some features that distinguish and at the same time unite them with plants and animals, they were decided to be placed in a separate kingdom. The fact is that fungi cannot carry out the process of photosynthesis and receive nutrients from sunlight. As food, they need ready-made organic substances.
Pine forest mushrooms
Experienced mushroom pickers know what mushrooms grow in a pine forest. It depends on the type of nutrients available and on the climate. Mushrooms can be found both on the ground among plants, and on tree trunks and even on stones.
Eatable species
In coniferous forests, about two hundred species of mushrooms have been identified, but only 40 of them are suitable for human consumption.
Oilers
In coniferous forests and plantings at the age of two to fifteen years, you can find a mushroom called butterdish. It is brown on the outside and yellow on the inside. The butterdish is thermophilic and grows mainly on the edges or along the edges of glades, where the branches of huge trees do not interfere with the sun's rays. They can also be seen in places where groups of relatively small pines grow. They prefer sandy soil with good drainage.
Mushroom pickers of the Kuban: picking mushrooms in the spring-summer season
It got its name from the oily mucus covering his hat. Usually butterflies grow in groups. You can find them on small hills among the fallen needles. This is a very fruitful species that grows actively throughout the warm summer and early autumn periods.
Honey mushrooms
They can be found both under a pine tree in the forest, and in fields, meadows, sometimes even among shrubs. Honey mushrooms prefer not to grow on the ground, like many others, but on stumps and trunks of dead or weakened trees. Live in large groups and can cover a fairly large area. Honey mushrooms have a long and high leg and a flat disc-shaped hat of a dark brown color.
Ryadovka
Ryadovka grows in old pine forests in small colonies lined up in a row, for which it got its name. The mushroom cap can reach 15 cm in diameter. In some countries, the rowweed is among the poisonous mushrooms, but in some it is considered edible. Subdivided into types:
The color and structure of the fungus depend on the species.
Greenfinch
These mushrooms belong to the family of rows, but got their name for their characteristic green-yellow color. They grow more often in middle-aged forests, also in a few colonies, stretched out in a row, or singly. Unlike oil, greenfinches do not like light and therefore grow mainly in darkened lowlands under a layer of fallen needles, and sometimes even under a layer of soil. They have a straight leg, slightly expanding downwards.
mokhovik
These mushrooms in the pine forest are also not uncommon. They live in moss-covered places, for which they got their name. This mushroom has a large thick cap and a high stem. The color is different: red, yellow, brown. The main difficulty in collecting flywheels is that they have a double - a false flywheel, which is not poisonous, but has an unpleasant taste.
Where in the Crimea to collect mouse mushrooms (gray row)
Russula
One of the most famous and commonly encountered mushrooms is russula. There are many types of this mushroom. Among them there are both edible and inedible representatives. Their distinguishing feature is a concave funnel-shaped hat and a straight stem. If the russula leg itself is white, then the hats come in various colors, depending on the environment. They can be either red or pink, or green, yellow, purple, brown. Despite the presence of inedible counterparts, this is one of the leading mushrooms in cooking.
Chanterelles
This is one of the unique mushrooms growing in pine forests. They are difficult to confuse with other mushrooms. They have a bright orange color and a funnel-shaped hat. The main difference between the chanterelle is that it is difficult to say where her leg ends and the hat begins. These are very moisture-loving mushrooms, and therefore they are found mainly in places with high humidity. The main burst of their appearance begins after heavy rains. They grow in numerous heap-shaped colonies.
umbrella mushroom
It got its name from the structure. Having a long thin stem and an open dome of the hat, it resembles an umbrella in shape. In diameter, the umbrella can reach 35 cm, and the height of the leg is 40 cm. Basically, the color of this mushroom is white, but as it grows, the hat cracks and becomes covered with scales that darken and become cream-colored. The very same leg is decorated with a fluffy skirt.
Boletus, or porcini mushroom
The most popular and favorite mushroom of every mushroom picker is boletus. He is almost the elite of his kingdom. Despite the fact that the real name of this mushroom is boletus, many call it white. This is due to the fact that after heat treatment (drying) it retains the original white color of the pulp. They grow everywhere, with the exception of particularly cold regions and places with a large abundance of moisture.
Varieties of mushrooms in the Leningrad region
The sizes of these famous mushrooms reach 30, and sometimes 50 cm in diameter and 25 cm in height. The leg is thick, barrel-shaped, has a gray color on the outside. The cap, on the other hand, has a rounded shape, and only in adult mushrooms can it be flattened. The color of the hat is quite varied. It can be either bright red or white, depending on
Acquaintance with the white fungus begins with ... childhood. After all, it is the porcini mushroom that is most often drawn in children's books, and in fairy tales, the “old man-boletus” helps lost travelers in the forest. Borovik - one of the names of the porcini mushroom - just speaks of its place of growth.
White mushroom is the king among other mushrooms. Because it is the most delicious, the most useful, the most, the most ...
The fact that the white mushroom does not change its color even when dried, remains white even in the form of mushroom powder, puts it on the highest level among other mushrooms.
And it is not for nothing that mushroom pickers, both experienced and beginners, dream of returning from mushroom hunting with a full bag of porcini mushrooms.
But cunning porcini mushroom! Despite the fact that it is found everywhere - from the Volga to the Far East, goes to the North, wedging almost into the Arctic latitudes, not everyone succeeds in finding it.
Where to look for white mushroom
Its very name - boletus, birch, oak - indicates that the porcini mushroom grows in the forest: pine, birch, oak, spruce. But not in everyone, but only in where there are old-timer trees no younger than fifty years old. So it will be problematic to find a mushroom in a young spruce forest or a birch grove.
White mushrooms do not grow densely. But if a mushroom catches your eye, you need to look for his fellow comrades.
White fungus loves sunny places, so it can be found on the edge of the forest, clearings, among mighty trees, but with open crowns so that it gets as much light as possible.
White fungus grows on various soils - clay, sandy, poor in humus, but these fungi do not exist on peat soil.
White fungus likes to grow among grass, lichens, ferns, moss, but white mushroom does not grow in dense forest or tall grass. But it is often found where the grass cover is interrupted by paths or where cattle are often driven. But on trampled, without vegetation, soil, this fungus is found in isolated cases.
White fungus loves moist soils, but not waterlogged ones. Likes heat, but can't stand heat. Therefore, during frequent rains, he moves to drier elevations, and on hot, dry days, he presses closer to the trees, into the shade. The white fungus grows well during periods when the temperature is kept within 10-18 ° heat, but during frosts, the mushrooms disappear completely, although the mycelium itself remains viable both in extreme heat and in bitter frost.
Experienced mushroom pickers also pay attention to secondary signs by which you can determine whether there is a boletus in the immediate environment or not. A phenological indicator of the presence of white fungus is ... fly agaric. As well as valui and blackies. If here and there these mushrooms peep out of the grass, then it means that the porcini mushroom is somewhere nearby.
When white fungus grows
White fungus, however, like the rest, grows in "waves", or as it is commonly called in mycology - layers.
The first layer of mushrooms appears during the period when rye begins to ear. Approximately in June. Such mushrooms are called "spikelets".
Early July a second layer of porcini mushrooms appears, which are called "stubblers". It falls at the time of harvesting bread.
The third layer of white mushrooms is for autumn - at the time of leaf fall. It's called "leafy".
All three periods of the appearance of porcini mushrooms operate in lowland forests. In the highland forests, the richest harvest of porcini mushrooms is August.
In the northern forests, the white mushroom grows small, with a cap up to 5 cm in diameter.
In the middle lane, caps of porcini mushrooms are from 3 to 20 cm in diameter. But there are truly giant mushrooms, whose weight reaches 3 kg. Once, near Vladimir, they found a white mushroom weighing 6 kg, and the hat of which was 46 cm in diameter!
But such huge mushrooms, of course, are worms and are not subject to collection.
What Beginner Mushroom Pickers Should Know
In the forests there are inedible and even poisonous mushrooms that are very similar to white mushrooms. Therefore, you need to know the obvious signs of the difference between the white fungus and the inedible ones.
In the white mushroom, the cap is juicy and fleshy, light, does not change color at the break, only sometimes it can turn slightly pink. The mushroom has a faint nutty odour. The legs are light with a white mesh pattern.
False value (inedible) from a distance it looks like a white mushroom. But it has a watery, bitter flesh that smells like radishes.
Gall mushroom (inedible) grows in coniferous forests. The white flesh of the fungus turns pink when broken. The lower part of the cap of an adult mushroom is dirty pink. The taste of the mushroom is very bitter.
Satanic mushroom (poisonous) very similar to white fungus. The color of the bottom of the cap is of a reddish hue, the leg at the bottom is brick-red, it turns red at the break, then turns blue. The smell is unpleasant, although weak.