Here I will talk about how one of our projects was done, the project is an example of how a draft design is done, and you can see the process from the inside.
From a technical point of view, most often this work takes place in Skype - there you can show each other a drawing or model of a house, exchange opinions.
The work is divided into three stages:
1. decisions of the general plan of the site,
2. house layouts,
3. Appearance solutions.
where to locate the house, where to start "> where to locate the house, where to start
We start with the site: where to place the house and what should be its shape; what will be seen from the windows of the house, how to orient them according to the cardinal points.
master plan, nuances
What we have done in this first stage may change after the results of geological surveys. Most often, soils make it possible to build a house in the intended place, but sometimes there are surprises (wetlands, a peat lens, a landslide-prone slope), and then we are forced to move the building and change our minds.
Nuances can be with engineering solutions. If geology shows the absence of soils with sufficient filtering abilities, then the septic tank will have to be replaced with a conventional cesspool, the contents of which will have to be pumped out periodically.
If the soils turn out to be flooded, then in this case, instead of a septic tank, it will be necessary to make a cesspool, but already sealed as much as possible. And the possibility of building a basement under the building in this case will be accompanied by expensive waterproofing.
As mentioned above, at the same time as the general plan of the site, the teaching staff is also being developed (we remember that this is the basic layout of the house).
Here the shape of the spot of the building, the location of the rooms, the orientation of their windows are decided.
Since the building is located between the pond and the road, I propose to orient the windows of the office premises towards the road, and residential windows towards the pond (and the River behind it).
This teaching staff will then change more than once, the stairs will move, but the principle of orientation of windows and entrances will remain.
On the master plan of the site, I now place the building spot of the house, with entrances and exits, window orientation, and completely real dimensions. In the same place, on the master plan, I am now correcting the teaching staff, bringing the layouts to the desired.
And one more thing - it is very important now to correctly place engineering networks on the site, given the factor that there will be a lot of both networks and buildings. Building codes strongly recommend retreating with network routes from buildings and from each other (at distances from 1 to 5 meters), so it’s better to deal with this issue right away.
So, we are finishing with the development of the general plan of the site, and all its subsections.
Having completed the work on the master plan, you can make detailed plans for the house (based on the accepted PPP), and now the first version appears, which we view together with the client via Skype, ...
... and then the second, larger area.
In parallel, the selection of structures is underway, and we
a scheme with load-bearing walls and prefabricated reinforced concrete floors was chosen.
Therefore, the distances between the walls are already made for certain panels.
Third, fourth, ... and now the fifth version.
There was an arrangement of vents. canals, sewerage and water supply risers.
Engineering systems do not immediately receive the optimal solution, there were also options.
note: transformations of the 1st floor are shown, but work is also being done on the 2nd
Now I like the layout and suits the client, and the time comes for the shape of the “body” of the building - so far in a simplified form, without windows and wall materials.
This is the so-called. simplified 3D model building. Unlike photorealistic, it does not show the colors and textures of the wall decoration, but at this stage this is not necessary. Now it is important to decide on the shape of the “body” of the building – and choose the “make-up” for it later. A model is an opportunity to see a house from different angles. At this stage, the work ceases to be joint with the client, he will see only the finished version.
I had to look a bit for the shape of the staircase, which at the stage of drawing plans looked very tempting. But in the end, I did not like any of the options, and it was decided to cut the rounding.
But the shape of the building - plastic, lively - I like, and precisely because it is wrong and not pretentious. After all, the more "correctness" in the form of the building, the more solemnity it has - up to the scale of the palace.
Here and for this young family of modern and energetic people, I want to create a house that is light and not very, maybe serious and important; organic both for these people and for the landscape around.
But now we need to move on and make a gallery connecting the house with the household. block, and the owner himself. block (sheds for cars, boats and hay, a stable). 
The covered gallery should adjoin the entrance to the building, and for a long time I don’t like any of the options for this adjunction ...
But it seems to be here.
Now we place the window openings ...
And add some facade decor around them…
Well, the building is ready. The layouts and exterior are complete.
The free and plastic form of the facades from the side of the pond, together with the landscape of the site, should create an image of a modern, but still “village” house, a little in ethnic style - a kind of Ukrainian Provence. With the appropriate color - the material of the walls, the roof should not be glamorous, but in the character of "ethno". Most likely, white non-lighthouse plaster of the walls. Perhaps clay "aged" tiles on the roof. Wooden structural elements are made of dark, also “beaten by time” wood….
But... it won't be like that.
Because just at that moment we changed the stylistic concept of the house. Customers have seen Prairie houses”(F. L. Wright), and outside of this style the house is no longer conceivable.
And we're starting from scratch with the form, removing everything that distinguishes the project from the style of the Prairie Houses, and adding some of their characteristic features.
The free form of the facades in the new version straightened (and simplified), the roof became stricter and “southern” - its overhangs go far beyond the walls, closing the windows of the second floor from the midday sun in summer.
The new, second version of the solution is more recognizable thanks to the organic architecture that is relevant today and the work of F. L. Wright.
Plans, like form, have also become simpler. And they have evolved from a protruding staircase to a flat street facade, with a lot of variations of floor plans.
The last change - the furnace room on the ground floor moved outward, and created a protruding part on the facade. Trillings were added on the facades (wooden slats that serve as a vertical base for climbing plants).
This is what the final building will look like:
The final stage of work on the draft stage of the project is the selection of facade finishing materials (on a three-dimensional photorealistic model).
From this moment, the development of the project begins - a long and not so exciting process of painstaking work.
Development draft designs are engaged when it is necessary based on the protocol for considering a technical solution or a technical assignment.
The main purpose of the development draft designs is the establishment of those circuit or design solutions that are of a fundamental nature and allow you to get a general idea of \u200b\u200bwhat is the general device of a particular product, as well as what is the principle of its operation. The draft design is created, mainly, even before the bulk of the working documentation and the technical design are developed.
While creating draft designs developers carefully study and analyze all possible versions of the product or its individual parts. This allows you to clearly define all the requirements that apply to the design of the finished product, as well as ensure that all the requirements that apply to it are met.
A complete set of documents that make up the preliminary design consists of a fully developed in accordance with the requirements ESKD design documentation, as well as those drawings, diagrams, technical and technological regulations, etc., which are provided for by the protocol for considering a technical proposal and terms of reference.
It should be noted that in preliminary design do not include those documents that were developed even before the material layout was made.
The procedures for consideration, approval and approval are not subject to the original documents of the draft design, but their copies, although by special agreement with the customer they can still be provided.
As for such an important point as the form in which all the preliminary design documentation is submitted, it can be paper or electronic, and is indicated in the protocol for reviewing the terms of reference. If there is no such indication, then it is determined on the basis of agreement with the customer. In addition, electronic and paper documents can be included in the documentation package of the draft design together.
The composition of the draft design
Preliminary design, includes documents such as a general arrangement drawing, a draft design sheet, and an explanatory note.
A draft general arrangement drawing (or an electronic model of an assembly considered equivalent to it) must include the following:
- An image of the product, as well as various inscriptions and a text part, which allow you to understand the principle of its operation, how exactly its components interact, as well as the features of its constructive device.
- Designations of all components of the product and their names. If necessary, it is also required to indicate links to general arrangement drawings, which allow you to understand all the important design features of the product, the composition of its individual components, etc.
- Product dimensions and other data that are applied to the image.
- Product diagram (in cases where it is really necessary).
- Technical data and other important characteristics that the product must have. They are required in order to make it more convenient to compare different options according to the general arrangement drawing.
A document such as a statement draft design, should contain the names of all those design documents that are included in it.
Count " Note” may contain an indication of the option that corresponds to this particular document.
It is also allowed to include in the draft design those documents that are equivalent to those provided, but only in a different form of presentation. In this case, it is necessary to make a corresponding note in the column " Notes».
The explanatory note of the draft design is drawn up in accordance with all standards adopted for text documents.
The construction of even the smallest house begins with design. A project prepared on paper will allow you to plan the area of \u200b\u200bconstruction, the number of rooms, windows and doors, as well as calculate the cost of work and the amount of materials needed.
If you are going to build a house, you can ask for help from specialized companies to order a project, choose the right one from among the ready-made ones, or independently develop a plan for a new home.
It is more rational to create a house project with your own hands when all construction work is planned to be carried out without outside help.
The first stage is planning
The first stage of project development involves the general planning of the future house, its size, purpose, the presence of a garage or other additional buildings, as well as the geographical features of the site, the presence or absence of a sewerage and water supply system.
The second stage - sketches
At the second step, all conditions and desires are taken into account and assembled into a certain model of a house with a certain number of floors and rooms.
The draft design has the character of a sketch and depicts the future of the building from different sides: facade, side, rear and in section (transverse and longitudinal).
Here is a list of the materials used, as well as the design features of the house: the type of roof, the thickness of the walls and ceilings.
Before you start your own project at home, it is better to carefully study the photos of finished plans in order to draw ideas and experience.
Third stage - work plan
The working version of the project serves as a guide for the construction team and involves a complete description of all the envisaged works for the construction of the house: architectural, structural, engineering and design.
In an architectural type project, the location of all rooms, their area, the presence of balconies or terraces, the dimensions of windows and doors, the slope of the roof, and the thickness of the walls are outlined and drawn.
Important! Glazing and decoration of balconies can be ordered at low prices on the website viploggias.ru. "Modern Balcony" is a company with many years of experience.
The constructive type of the project involves a detailed consideration of each element of the house from the foundation, walls and ceilings to the chimney, stairs and rafters. For example, a complete decoding of the characteristics is applied to the windows, where the profile width, the type of lining, the number of layers of double-glazed windows, the presence of a window sill are noted.
Engineering and technical design is aimed at drawing up a detailed plan for the implementation of work on the establishment of sewerage, water supply, ventilation, heating, electrical wiring, grounding and security systems.
The design project makes final adjustments to the construction of the house. At this stage, they finally determine the color scheme of the facade, walls, roof and interior decoration of the room.
Timber house project
Most often, economical, strong and durable wood is chosen as the main material for construction.
However, the project of a private house made of timber requires certain conditions to be met:
- If the construction requires beams of more than 6 m, then additional insulation of the joints of the logs will be required;
- Joints are placed in a checkerboard pattern;
- The number of corners must be even;
- Particular attention must be paid to the proper distribution of the load;
- Log partitions are placed only above load-bearing walls or on additional pillars.
brick house project
The project of a brick house must necessarily include an assessment of financial capabilities, since this type of construction is expensive and the need to create a strong and costly foundation.
Note!
When building brick houses, other features of the material should also be taken into account: the use of clay bricks on the lower floors, double waterproofing in the bathroom, reinforcing the wall for greater strength, strict adherence to horizontal masonry, laying out window and door openings with a quarter.
Terrace project
A correct and competent extension to the terrace house also requires a separate project. When compiling it, it is necessary to take into account its structure, location, degree of openness, shape and the presence of steps.
Most often, the terrace is located near one of the walls of the house or rings the entire building, less often it is installed separately from the residential building or adjacent to the pool.
As in the project of the house, the area, dimensions, materials, mass of the structure and type of foundation must be indicated in the terrace plan.
How to make a project at home with your own hands?
You need to stock up on paper, a ruler and a pencil and try to depict your future home in detail.
Reference points and assistants will be ready-made standard projects posted on the Internet, supplementing and expanding which you can get the perfect plan for a new building.
Note!
DIY house project photo
Note!
They rarely think about how important it is to correctly draw up a draft design of a planned object. But any construction should begin from this stage. Moreover, by the time the first brick or log is brought to the construction site, the sketch must already be agreed, developed and approved.
After all, without it, the customer (that is, you) will not be able to form a correct idea of how the constructed building will look like. But this should be represented not only by you, but also by the builders who will carry out the entire workflow. Therefore, it is worth taking this issue seriously, understanding it to the smallest detail.
To begin with, a draft design of a house is a set of primary documents that is necessary in order to
And also correctly draw up all the documentation used directly in this case. Having a sketch of the house in hand, you can easily formulate your requirements when communicating with the designers who will develop.
How it is compiled
You are contacting a company that provides services for . First of all, after the conclusion of the contract, you talk with the architect.
An experienced specialist in a simple and accessible form will ask you about exactly how the house that you would like to receive should look like. Perhaps you will bring photographs of buildings that would suit you to the fullest. But it is possible that you will have certain wishes: change the shape and location of the windows, use a tiled roof instead of a slate roof, and a number of other minor changes.
All these wishes will be taken into account by the architect, who, after talking with you, will start work.
For an experienced specialist, the development of a draft design will take no more than a few days.
After that, you will be presented with a set of diagrams and color illustrations, allowing you to fully appreciate the external and internal appearance of the future home. Yes, it might surprise some people why you need to design a project from scratch if you already know what your house will look like.
Sample House Plan After all, it will take a lot of money and time. And yet, drawing up a sketch is not at all a trick of specialists who want to take your time and extract extra money from you. After all, any changes in the appearance of the building, even the most insignificant, can seriously affect its entire structure.
The simplest example: you decide to enlarge the window? This means that the load on the entire window opening will increase significantly. And it will definitely need to be strengthened so that he can withstand it without harm to himself. Do you want to use ceramic tiles instead of metal tiles? This means that the rafters will have to be strengthened so that they can withstand a significantly increased load.
Of course, it is simply impossible to carry out all these calculations by eye, without drawing up a special sketch or project. In addition, the finished sketch allows you to quite accurately determine the complexity of the work and the amount of required materials. And, therefore, you will be called the price of the house.
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An example of a cost estimate for materials Moreover, specialists will be able to calculate for you separately the cost of building and finishing materials, as well as the cost of the work carried out. And this is very important. Perhaps not a single reasonable person will agree to start building a country cottage, not knowing exactly how much it will cost him.
The sketch necessarily contains a number of illustrations by which you can evaluate your future home from the inside and outside.
The use of modern architectural programs allows you to make the sketch as clear as possible.
It remains for you to decide whether all your requirements have been taken into account during the construction, or if you would like to make additional changes, having achieved maximum compliance with the plans that you are hatching.
What you need to conclude a contract for drawing up a sketch
Designing a sketch is a very difficult and responsible job. Of course, it is carried out only after the conclusion of an agreement with the company. And for this you will need to collect the following documents:
- Terms of reference for design. Here it is necessary to submit in writing your requirements, which the future object must meet;
- Town-planning plan of the land plot;
- Geodetic survey of a land plot (scale 1:500);
- Certification that the available footage is usable.
When these documents are collected, you can safely go to sign a contract for the provision of services. Immediately after that, you will be directed to the architect-designer to coordinate all the work. Having received all the necessary information from you (in addition to the terms of reference), he proceeds to develop a sketch.
House sketch example It is worth saying that the creation of a sketch is a very difficult and responsible stage. From the outside it may seem that everything is quite easy and simple here: every person can do what he would like to live in. However, drawing up and drawing a sketch with your own hands very often leads to sad consequences. Still, the finished illustrations that are shown to you along with the sketch are just the tip of the iceberg. And the gigantic amount of work done remains in the drawings, which will say little to a person who has nothing to do with construction.
After all, in order to draw up a sketch, a specialist conducts a series of calculations, which are later used to develop a project for which construction will be carried out. And a non-professional is unlikely to be able to do all the work with the same quality, guaranteeing the integrity and durability of the structure, as a specialist who has got his hand on this for many years of work.
house design example To more clearly explain how many factors have to be taken into account when developing a draft design of a building, it is worth listing the main ones.
Location on the site
When placing housing on a land plot, it is necessary to comply with a number of requirements for sanitary and fire safety, as well as building standards. The distance from the house to the border of the neighboring plot must be at least the established minimum. It is also necessary to correctly orient the house relative to the cardinal points. Technical rooms are best placed on the north side, while residential rooms should be placed on the south.
Of course, the house should gracefully fit into the surrounding landscape, and not stand out from it.
Drawing up the general plan of the site, an experienced architect will successfully place on it not only the house itself, but also all the buildings that the owner of the site considers necessary. It may be a number of other buildings.