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Hands did not reach the story about another prince, so for now, such a calico came out. Our first half-immigrant dissident (well, or not the first, but the most publicized) Prince Andrei writes about her namesake: “In a short time he (Ivan III - Thor) killed his half-brother Andrei Uglitsky in prison with heavy chains, a very reasonable and wise man. ..". Well, yes, reasonable and wise. Behavior of Prince Andrei in 1479 - beg. 1480s very clearly demonstrates his intelligence and wisdom.
However, this is not even the most interesting thing. Here in Wiki is such a pitiful ending to the sad story about the life of Prince Andrei: "He remained in the people's memory under the mournful name" Burn "". And then I remembered that I had read something about his nickname, "Goryay", and his origin:
"Andrei Vasilievich Bolshoy Goryay was called Bolshoi, in contrast to his own brother - also Andrei Vasilyevich, but Lesser (born in 1452). The name Goryay in relation to Andrei Vasilyevich Bolshoi can be explained in two ways. In the linguistic history of the Slavs, the 15th century is the time when in their speech was still common non-passive participles.In the nominative singular masculine of the present tense, they had the following forms: commanding "commanding" - from orders, boiling "boiling" or "boiling" from boils, pricking "piercing" or "prickly" from stabs, walking, "walking" or "walking", walks away, etc. This series of formations also included grief "burning", "hot" or "combustible" from burning. Full forms were obtained by adding to the short -y: it turned out boil, poke, walk, etc. Hence, it is quite possible that the nickname of the Uglich prince - Grieve: the prince also had a hot (tempered, impulsive, assertive, intractable) character.Another reason, perhaps, was that in Russia in XV century there was a tradition to call a newborn not only a Christian name, but also a household name, not a calendar one. True, this assumption seems to be contradicted by the fact that in the annals of the birth of Andrei the Great under 1446 the following is read: “The same summer, son Andrei was born to the Grand Duke on Uglech on August 13.” Nothing is said in the annals, as in other sources, that this Andrey was then also given a second name - Grieve.
In non-linguistic literature on Uglich history, it is widely believed that Prince Andrei Vasilyevich Bolshoi received the nickname Grieving after his death: he was treacherously tortured in prison on the orders of Ivan III; in this case, Grieve is interpreted as a derivative of grief. But this opinion is wrong. It does not correspond to the Russian word-formation norms of the 15th century. and contradicts the historical fact: Grieve as part of the indicated name was used in writing during the life of the prince. In the Synodal list of the second Pskov Chronicle, which arose in the 80s. XV century., It is said under 1480: “Angry at the great prince Ivan Vasilyevich at his brother, Prince Andrei Goryay and Boris” (N. D. Rusinov. Andrey Vasilyevich Bolshoi Goryay // Russian onomastics and onomastics of Russia).

The Death of Prince Andrei (miniature of the Facial Vault)

P.S. Ivan III allegedly told the metropolitan, who came to mourn for Prince Andrei: “I feel sorry for my brother and I really don’t want to ruin him and put a reproach on myself; but I can’t release him, because more than once he plotted evil against me, then repented, and now he again began to plot and draw my people to himself. Yes, that would be nothing, but when I die, he will seek a great reign under my grandson, and if he does not get it, he will embarrass my children and they will fight with each other, and the Tatars will destroy, burn and captivate the Russian land, and they will impose tribute again, and Christian blood will flow again, as before, and all my labors will remain in vain and you will be slaves of the Tatars.

Andrey Vasilievich Bolshoy Goryay- specific Prince of Uglitsky, the 4th of the seven sons of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II Vasilyevich Dark from marriage with Borovsk Princess Maria Yaroslavna. Born on August 13, 1446 in Uglich. In 1460, "the great prince went to Novgorod the Great in peace, and with him his sons, Prince Yury and Prince Andrey Bolshi." After the death of his father (1462) he received in inheritance: Uglich, Bezhetsky Verkh, Zvenigorod "and many other authorities and villages." In 1469 he married Elena, the daughter of Prince Roman Andreevich of Mezetsk. In the winter of 1470/71, he participated with his regiment in the all-Russian campaign against Novgorod the Great. For the rest of his life, Andrei Vasilievich Bolshoy Goryay fought against his older brother, Grand Duke Ivan III Vasilyevich the Great, and the strengthening of his power. In the last campaign against Novgorod, in the winter of 1477/78, Andrei Vasilievich Bolshoy Goryay commanded a regiment of his right hand. In 1480, together with his brother, Volotsk prince Boris Vasilyevich, he entered into allied relations with the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon and moved with his court to the Lithuanian border. He reconciled with Ivan III only at the cost of ceding Mozhaisk to the latter, since the Grand Duke then needed the help of his brothers in repulsing Khan Akhmat. In May 1491, he refused to send his army against the Tatars of the Great Horde, which Ivan III asked him to do, and therefore, in 1492, “on September 20, Prince Ivan Vasilyevich of All Russia was great, laying down the kiss of the cross to his brother Ondrey Vasilyevich for his treason. .. the prince commanded him to confiscate and imprison him in the government yard in Moscow, and after his children, after Prince Ivan, and after Prince Dmitry, sent him to Coal the same day ... and commanded them to confiscate and plant in Pereslavl. Andrei Vasilyevich Bolshoi Goryay died in prison in 1493. He was buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. In addition to the mentioned sons Ivan and Dmitry, he had two more daughters: Evdokia, married to the specific Kurb prince Andrei Dmitrievich, and Ulyana, who married the specific Kuben prince Ivan Semenovich Bolshoi.

Vladimir Boguslavsky

Andrei Vasilyevich Bolshoi (nickname Goryay), 3rd son of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily the Dark. Born in 1446, died in 1493. After the death of his father (in 1462), he received Uglich, Zvenigorod and Bezhetsk as inheritance. Until 1472 he was on good terms with his older brother Ivan Vasilyevich III. In 1472, Yuri Vasilyevich, Prince Dmitrovsky, died childless, without mentioning his inheritance in his will. The Grand Duke appropriated the inheritance of the deceased, without giving anything to the brothers. They got angry, but this time the matter ended in reconciliation, and Ivan, having endowed others, did not give anything to Andrei, who more than others sought a division. Then the mother, who loved Andrei very much, gave him her purchase - Romanov town on the Volga. Another clash between the younger brothers and the Grand Duke occurred because of the right of the boyars to leave, a right that the Grand Duke recognized only when they drove off to him. In 1479, the boyar Prince Lyko-Obolensky, dissatisfied with the Grand Duke, went to Prince Boris Vasilyevich Volotsky. When Boris did not want to extradite the departed boyar, the Grand Duke ordered Obolensky to be seized and brought to Moscow. Andrei took the side of the offended Volotsk prince. The brothers, united, moved with the army to the Novgorod region, and from there they turned to the Lithuanian line and entered into relations with the Polish king Casimir, who, however, did not help them. They hoped to find support in Pskov, but they were deceived. The Grand Duke offered Andrei Kaluga and Aleksin, but Andrei did not accept this proposal. The invasion of Akhmat (1480) contributed to the reconciliation of the brothers. Ivan became more accommodating and promised to fulfill all their demands; Andrei and Boris came with an army to the Grand Duke on the Ugra, where he stood against the Tatars. The reconciliation took place through the mediation of Mother Nun Martha, the Metropolitan and the bishops. The Grand Duke gave Andrei Mozhaisk, that is, a significant part of Yuri's inheritance. After the death of his mother (she died in 1484), Andrey's position became dangerous, since both in character and in claims he inspired alarm in the Grand Duke. In 1488 Andrei heard that the Grand Duke wanted to seize him. Andrei personally told Ivan about this rumor; he swore that he had nothing of the kind in his mind. In 1491, the Grand Duke ordered the brothers to send their governors to help his ally, the Crimean Khan Mengli Giray. Andre for some reason disobeyed orders. When after that he arrived in Moscow (in 1492), then, called to dinner with the Grand Duke, he was captured and put in prison, where he died in 1493. Andrey's sons, Ivan and Dimitri, by order of the Grand Duke, were also imprisoned in chains, and the Uglitsky inheritance was attached to the great reign. When the Metropolitan was sad for Andrei, the Grand Duke answered: “I am very sorry for my brother; but I cannot free him, because more than once he plotted evil against me, then repented, and now he again began to plot evil and draw my people to him. Yes, that would be nothing; but when I die, he will seek a great reign under my grandson, and if he himself does not get it, he will embarrass my children, and they will fight with each other, and the Tatars will destroy, burn and capture the Russian land, and again they will impose tribute, and Christian blood will again flow, as before, and all my labors will remain in vain, and you will be slaves of the Tatars.

Andrey Vasilievich Bolshoy Goryay (knee 18). From the family of the Moscow Grand Dukes. The son of Vasily II Vasilyevich the Dark and Princess Maria Yaroslavna of Maloyaroslavl. Born in August 1446. Prince Uglitsky and Zvenigorodsky in 1462-1492.

In 1479, Andrei and his brother Boris, unable to withstand the harassment of their elder brother Ivan III, decided to defend their rights with weapons in their hands. They started secret relations with the Novgorodians and Lithuania. At the beginning of 1480, having joined their regiments, the brothers moved to Rzhev through the Tver region. The Grand Duke sent a boyar to them to persuade them not to start strife, but the brothers did not obey and went to Novgorod with a 20,000-strong army. Just at that time they were waiting for the invasion of Akhmat with all the strength of the Horde. Ivan III found himself in a difficult and dangerous position. He sent Bishop Vassian of Rostov to persuade the brothers. Tom managed to reconcile them, and the brothers sent the boyars to Moscow for negotiations. But, without waiting for their end, they moved to Luki and here they started negotiations with Kazimir of Lithuania.

Casimir was in no hurry to help. Meanwhile, Ivan III offered Kaluga and Aleksin to Andrei for retreating from Boris. Andrew did not agree. Negotiations dragged on. The brothers went to Pskov to ask for help against the Grand Duke. Pskov refused. Then Andrei and Boris, angry, ordered to devastate the Pskov volost. Their people, according to the chronicler, fought all as infidels, plundered the churches, desecrated their wives and girls, did not leave a chicken in their houses. The people of Pskov, in order to get rid of the misfortune, paid the brothers 200 rubles. In the meantime, it became known that Khan Akhmat was coming to Moscow. Andrey and Boris perked up, sent to tell Ivan: “If you correct yourself, you will no longer oppress us, but if you start holding us like brothers, then we will come to your aid.” Ivan promised to fulfill all their demands, and the brothers came with an army to the Ugra, where the Russians held the defense against the Tatars. Andrei received Mozhaisk, that is, a significant part of the defrauded inheritance of his brother Yuri.

In 1484, Andrei's mother died, who loved him more than all her sons and always defended him in front of his elder brother. After that, Andrei was always in great fear, expecting some kind of trick from Ivan. In 1492, Ivan, having learned that the Tatars from the east were coming against his ally, the Crimean Khan Mengli Giray, sent his regiments to his aid and ordered the brothers to also send their governors. Boris sent his regiments along with those of the Grand Dukes, but Andrei did not. It was in May, and in September Andrei arrived in Moscow and was received by his elder brother very honorably and affectionately. The next day, the ambassador came to him with an invitation to dinner with the Grand Duke. Andrei went immediately to strike with his forehead (that is, to thank) for the honor. Ivan received him in a room called a trap, sat with him, talked a little and went into another room, a trap, ordering Andrei to wait, and his boyars to go to the dining room. But as soon as they entered there, everyone was seized and taken to different places. At the same time, Prince Semyon Ryapolovsky with many other princes and boyars entered the trap to Andrei, and, shedding tears, he could hardly say to Andrei: “Sir Prince Andrei Vasilyevich! You were caught by God and the sovereign, Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich and all Rus', your elder brother. Andrey got up and answered: “God is free and the sovereign, my elder brother, the great prince Ivan Vasilyevich, and the court will be with him before God, which takes me innocently.” From the first hour of the day until evening Andrei sat in the palace, then they brought him to the state yard and put guards from many princes and boyars. At the same time, they sent to Uglich to seize the sons of Andreev, Ivan and Dmitry, who were imprisoned in the glands in Pereyaslavl; daughters were not touched. Despite the requests of the clergy, Ivan did not release his brother. Andrew died in prison.

Buried in Moscow, in the Archangel Cathedral.

Ryzhov K. All monarchs of the world. Russia. 600 short biographies. M., 1999.

He was born on August 13, 1446 in Uglich, during his parents' stay there in captivity - the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II (Dark) and Borovo princess Maria Yaroslavna. From the end of March 1462 - specific prince. "The time of his reign, - according to the 19th-century Uglich local historian I.P. Serebrennikov, - which lasted about thirty years, is the most brilliant period in local history."

Andrei Vasilyevich Bolshoi inherited from his father, in addition to Uglich, the cities of Zvenigorod (now the Moscow region), Bezhetsky Verkh (now the Tver region), Veletov, Kistma, Rozhalov, Ustyuzhna Zhelezopolskaya (now the Vologda region).

In 1472, Romanov (now the left-bank side of Tutaev) was added to these cities, and since 1481 - Mozhaisk (now the Moscow region). Thus, by the age of 35, the Uglich prince became the ruler of vast possessions, stretching from the upper reaches of the Moscow River in the south to the lower reaches of the Mologa River in the north.

In the 70s and 80s, Prince Andrei launched large-scale construction work: the construction of stone walls around the Kremlin was started, and a palace ensemble was built, which included the Cathedral Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior, princely chambers, living quarters and household premises. In 1469-1470, to the east of the chambers, the house church of Andrei the Great was erected "in the name of Tsar Konstantin and his mother Elena", the prince's patron saint wife. Of all this "stone structure" in the Uglich Kremlin, only the chambers survived, and even those were significantly rebuilt in the following centuries.

In 1490, on Uspenskaya Square (near the place where the monument to V.I. Lenin now stands), the construction of the city cathedral was started, interrupted the following year by the disgrace of Andrei the Great and his subsequent imprisonment in a Moscow dungeon. According to E.A. Turova, the head of the archaeological work, the fragments of the decor of the cathedral under construction, discovered by her during excavations, allow us to say that an Italian architect took part in its construction.

At the expense of Prince Andrei the Great in 1479-1482, three versts from Uglich, at the confluence of the Nimoshna River into the Volga, a stone cathedral was built in the old Intercession Monastery, founded in 1461 under Vasily the Dark. In terms of its size - 23x17 meters - it surpassed all the then known monastic cathedral churches (it was blown up and flooded in the late 30s).

According to some 19th-century Uglich local historians, under Andrei the Great, a stone cathedral was built in the name of John the Baptist and in the Assumption Desert on the Uchma River (completely destroyed in Soviet times).

Stone construction was carried out then on the outlying lands of the Uglich principality. So in 1481, in the Red Hill at the Bezhetsky Verkh in the Nikolsky Monastery, which stood at the confluence of the Mogocha River with the Neledinka, the construction of a stone church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was begun, completed only by the middle of the 16th century. According to a prominent expert on the stone architecture of Ancient Rus' V.P. An Italian architect also took part in its construction. (Now only three walls with magnificent carved stone portals remain from the cathedral).

Among the temples built during the reign of Andrei the Great, some researchers, in particular A.I. Nekrasov, also include the construction of St. Nicholas Cathedral in Mozhaisk (dramatically rebuilt in subsequent centuries.)

Some repair work was carried out then in the second most important city in the Uglich principality - Zvenigorod, as well as in the ancient Savvino-Storozhevsky monastery adjacent to it.

The stone churches built by the prince needed their interior decoration, the creation of frescoes and icons. To this end, Andrei Bolshoy creates an icon-painting workshop in Uglich, for the management of which, according to N.K. Goleizovsky, invites the largest artist of that time - Dionysius. Unfortunately, not a single work of this master has been preserved in the city, but the stamp of his genius talent is visible on the icons of the "Leontief" tier, created around 1482 for the Intercession Cathedral of the monastery (now placed in the museum's exposition).

According to one version, by order of the Prince of Uglich, Dionysius painted the miraculous image of the Savior, now located in the Resurrection Cathedral in the city of Tutaev, revered by all Orthodox in Russia.

In 1477, in order to increase the spiritual prestige of the principality, Andrei Bolshoi invited an outstanding scribe of those years to be abbess in the neighboring Nativity of the Mother of God Monastery (now the village of Priluki on the Volga); novitiate of the Kirillo-Belozersk monastery, Elder Euphrosyn, in the city itself at the "prince's court" organizes a scriptorium - a book-writing workshop. From its walls came the famous hymnal of 1485 by Fyodor Sharapov (now in the Russian State Library in St. Petersburg). In the same years, Paisiy (Gavrenev), the organizer of the Uglich Intercession Monastery, wrote the Gospel with amazingly beautiful initials and headpieces (now in the State Archives of the Yaroslavl Region).

Andrey Bolshoi also became famous as a commander who repeatedly participated in battles against the Kazan Tatars. But the main thing is that it was the arrival of his army, together with the army of his brother Boris Volotsky, that decided the outcome of "standing on the Ugra", which marked the end of the two hundred and forty-year-old Tatar-Mongol yoke.

Unfortunately, the rapid flowering of Uglich culture was severely interrupted by the iron hand of Grand Duke Ivan III. On September 19, 1491, Andrei Bolshoy, unjustly accused of treason to his elder brother, was taken into custody and imprisoned in the "state yard" in Moscow.

(The next day, his sons, Ivan and Dimitri, were captured, they were sent to Perelavl-Zalessky. In 1496, the brothers accused of plotting against Ivan III were separated - Ivan was transferred to Vologda to the Prilutsky monastery, where he died on May 19, 1523 under named schemamonk Ignatius. Later, Ignatius of Prilutsky was canonized. Demetrius was released only on December 20, 1540.)

In 1492, Andrei the Great was transferred to Pereslavl-Zalessky and imprisoned in one of the monasteries there. A year passed, and on the night of November 6-7, Andrei Bolshoi died. As our fellow countryman, the outstanding commander and talented writer Andrei Kurbsky, wrote in his “History of the Grand Duke of Moscow”, Ivan III “suffocated his half-brother Andrei Uglichsky, a very reasonable and intelligent man, with heavy chains in prison with heavy chains.” Thus ended the suffering life of Andrei the Great, which began in 1446 in the Uglich prison and ended in 1493 in Pereslavl-Zalessky. It is no coincidence that in the people's memory he remained under the mournful name "Goryaya".

We are working with the Uglich team with Vladimir Grechukhin, the author of a book about the outstanding prince "Faces of the Fourth Rome". In one of the issues of "Ugleche Pole" (28th) there was a very interesting interview with Vladimir Alexandrovich, in which he reveals the role of Prince Andrei the Great not only for the history of Uglich, but for the whole of Russia.
“Andrei Bolshoi is not just Uglich and even the “Semigrad” prince,” Grechukhin told us, “he played a great role in the history of all of Russia. This role is higher than the value of Uglich, Mozhaisk and Zvenigorod, and indeed all seven cities of its inheritance. And it is higher role and image of any other provincial historical figure of that time. This figure is equal in importance to the image of Ivan III, but antipodal to him. And, alas, to this day this historical image is relegated to the background of knowledge about Russian history. Camouflaged so that his , like there was no. And even worse - slandered to the point of shamelessness.
This person for me, a modern Russian, is a favorite hero of the Middle Ages. Mentally and spiritually, there is no one higher than Andrei Bolshoi in the history of that time for me. He is unique in his understanding of the relationship between power and man. He is the only one who tried, in addition to expediency, to remember about morality. Andrei Bolshoi tried all the time to declare with his every act that in the Russian state one must live by right, by law. What to live in honor, according to human standards, approved by the family and society.
By his deeds, he declared that for the sake of autocracy and imperious whim, it is impossible to destroy cities, cut off people's heads, break everyone and everyone through the knee. The works and days of Andrei the Great told all people that in the ranks of all-Russian unity, everyone needs to find their place. That's when in the Russian nation and there will be harmony and reliability of life.
I see the image of Andrei the Great as huge, historically unusually large-scale, all-Russian ... And this image, this man is the main character of Uglich. Here Uglich was both disastrously unlucky and just as disastrously lucky in Russian history. (Let's say right away that it was under Andrei, at the time of his death, that Uglich experienced a terrible collapse of his greatness and significance. He had already been a kind of Russian dynastic Golgotha ​​before, but now he ascended one of the peaks of his Trouble).
In my book “Faces of the Fourth Rome” I call Uglich this fourth Rome. And why? Because under Andrei around Uglich sympathetically (and with hope!) the thoughts of the Russian provincial crowd soared. Under Prince Andrei, Uglich was a hope in their eyes. That this is how it is necessary to unite - not by fear and torment, but by the unity of the retinue - all like the builders of the country, and monks, and monks, and painters, and chroniclers, and ordinary masons. We are like a team building our Fatherland. This is conciliarity.
Even then, Moscow had a single hoop of unity - fear. And Andrey had kindness, he had a “hoop” completely different. What Rus' was waiting for and wanted, and what was planned before, and under Svyatoslav, and under Olga, and under Vladimir. This path went, it continued under Dmitry Donskoy - the last knight of those times, who himself entered the field, unlike the future princes.
Andrei Bolshoi, on this path - the last light in the window. As I called him in my book, the last free man in Rus'. After that, it's a complete mess. After him, any serving prince wrote to Ivan III: “I, your serf ...” And this PRINCE calls himself a serf?! And Andrei turned to Ivan: my beloved brother, sovereign, how is it? Father did not tell us to behave like this, but you, the elder, need to behave with dignity!
Equal, treated with dignity. Obeying, but reminding of the right. He is a man of chivalrous acting and thinking."
This is how we want to show Andrei Bolshoi in our film, the leading narrator of which will be the wonderful charismatic Vladimir Grechukhin.
Andrey Bolshoy is a prince-creator. He built a lot throughout his "Semigrad" principality. But little has survived. In Uglich, the princely chamber. On the Red Hill - the ruins of St. Nicholas Cathedral in the St. Anthony Monastery ... Pokrovsky Monastery and Cassian Hermitage went under water. There are not enough artifacts for the film, but they are there. On one shooting day, we went to capture the still majestic ruins of St. Nicholas Cathedral, the construction of which was most likely carried out by Italian masters invited by Andrei Bolshoi and was completed in 1493. In the thirties of the twentieth century, the cathedral was blown up, but they could not completely destroy it. Now under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture is the conservation of the ruins under the auspices. By some miracle, this happened after decades of neglect. St. Anthony's Monastery is also being restored and there is even a hegumen-hieromonk Siluan in it.
Where the shooting will lead us, we ourselves do not fully know. But a start has been made. And we will try to restore historical justice with the help of the film: it's time to stop considering Prince Andrei the Great (Goryaya), who suffered innocently at the hands of his brother Ivan the Third, as a "separatist", "rebel", "disgraced", and pay tribute to the real knight of the Middle Ages, noble and much creator.
In the footsteps of Andrei the Great
Shooting a film about Prince Andrei the Great takes us far. On North. We went to Ferapontovo, because the well-known researcher of the life of Andrei Uglichsky, art historian Anatoly Gorstka, believes that the local church of the Nativity of the Virgin is an analogue of the cathedral built in the Uglich Kremlin by the hero of our film, but has not survived to this day. Moreover, Anatoly Nikolaevich believes that Dionysius himself worked at the court of Andrei the Great, whose brilliant frescoes adorn the cathedral in Ferapontovo. The "dark" period of the Master's life is not completely known to anyone, but excavations confirm the handful's hypothesis - the fragments of frescoes found can be safely attributed to the brush of Dionysius.
Be that as it may, with great enthusiasm we photographed the beautiful cathedral of the 15th century (the first stone church in Belozerye) both from the ground and from the air. The masterpieces of Dionysius and his two sons were filmed with special trepidation. Just imagine - they painted the cathedral with unique paintings in just 34 days! As Igor Khobotov, Deputy Director of the Museum of Frescoes, told us, Nicholas the Wonderworker by Dionysius is considered the unsurpassed creation of the artist of all time in the world.
It is not for nothing that UNESCO protects this monastery, it is not for nothing that the Ministry of Culture takes care of it. There you can really lose the gift of speech or vice versa sing (which is often done by opera singers) from admiration for the Divine Creation of Dionysius. And the whole aura of the ancient monastery simply sets you up for admiration and tenderness. There, standing not far from the monastery, you can contemplate the beautiful harmony of its architecture for a long time, marveling at the skillful hands of its creators, breathe in the crystal air, watch amazing people, such as Marina Sergeevna Serebryakova (former director of the museum, where Anatoly Nikolaevich Gorstka worked), with such love and so entertainingly telling the children from the art school who came from Moscow what a Miracle they will now meet ...
And a transparent lake with whimsical clouds hanging over it! Yes, this place is the ultimate dream of any artist who is able to understand the harsh beauty of the Russian North. We met one in the monastery: at sunset, he slowly collected the canvases, then thoughtfully went around the whole monastery, then quietly went out the gate ... And after a while we saw him, still reflecting, entering the October waters of Lake Spassky, in which he calmly bathed. Many interesting people apparently come to Ferapontovo in the seventy thousand who visit the monastery during the year. Many go for spiritual support.
The monastery is close to us also because Prince Konstantin of Mangup took monastic vows here, whom we know and revere as St. Cassian of Uchemsky. It was here that he met many interesting people of his time - the philosophers Nil of Sorsky, Spiridon of Kyiv and Dionysius, and was friends with Metropolitan Joasaph of Rostov. But then Cassian the Greek went from Ferapontov closer to his Uglich patron - the Uglich prince Andrei the Great, who is of interest to us, and started a large-scale construction of a monastery in Uchma, a village near Uglich.
We, having breathed in the strength of the monastery, rushed to Vologda, to the Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery, where it was necessary to find traces of the sons of Andrei the Great - Ivan and Dimitri. It was there, away from Uglich, that the young princes (the eldest was 13, the youngest - 12) were sent to prison by their uncle Ivan III, so that there was neither a rumor nor a spirit about them. And the brothers languished in prison all their lives, not far from the monastery. Ivan spent his days in prayer and did not let his younger brother Demetrius lose heart, supported him and consoled him. The martyrs lived in prayer, knowing that the prison should become their grave, for thirty-two years, until Ivan, having taken the tonsure (he was named Ignatius), died. Dmitry grieved greatly after the death of his brother. And the schemnik Ignatius was recognized as a saint, because immediately after his death miracles of healing began. He was buried in the lower church of the Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery at the feet of the wonderworker Demetrius. And the younger brother Dimitri remained in prison for almost twenty years, and only before his death, the shackles were removed from him. He spent fifty years in prison, forgotten by everyone, as if buried alive. Prince Dimitri bequeathed to be buried at the feet of his brother. He did not take the tonsure, but was placed on the list of God's saints as a noble prince.
We learned all this in detail in the Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery from the monks. We ourselves did not expect that traces of the Uglich princes would be discovered so quickly. Even Viktor Ivanovich told us, admonishingly, not quite confidently: “Look ...” But we didn’t have to look, one monk took us to the lower church, where the Monk Ignatius and the blessed Prince Dmitry rest under a bushel, and Dean Father Alexander gave a blessing on shooting... With a special feeling we captured the majestic rich gilded shrine over the relics of St. Ignatius and the wooden one at his feet, over the resting place of his brother Demetrius.
Where the plot will take us next time, God knows... But we continue to shoot.
Grechukhin struck
We continue to shoot a film about our medieval knight of Ancient Rus', Andrei the Great. The host of the film, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Grechukhin, once again struck with his Gift. It happened during the recording, perhaps the most important component of the film - a conversation about the amazing prince of Uglich by the fireplace. Before that, we pretty much froze Vladimir Grechukhin, forcing him to walk in circles around the Kremlin chamber, which stands as an unshakable artifact of the creative construction activity of Andrei the Great. So, from the first minute of a monologue rather than a dialogue, Vladimir Alexandrovich captured us, our attention, our hearing, vision ... and did not “let go” until he put an end to the conversation. Not only an enthusiastic historian and a talented writer spoke to us, ardently admiring the extraordinary for the Middle Ages personality of the Uglich prince - an honest Knight, a true Humanist, an indefatigable Builder ... (this love for the hero of bygone days was immediately passed on to us!) A tribune, an actor, spoke to us, poet, publicist ... He spoke brightly, very artistically, intelligibly and fieryly! From his words it became as hot as from the flame in the fireplace, then it was chilly, then again it threw it into a fever, and suddenly, a stone cold fettered his legs and arms, when Vladimir Grechukhin reached the terrible plan of Ivan III: to grab his own brother, invited by himself but by the Sovereign of Moscow to a feast and thrown into prison in the morning, a stone well, where Andrei the Great Grieve was to disappear after two years of suffering ... The powerful monologue of our leader of Shakespearean drama, the ruler of Moscow, is difficult to convey. It's better to listen for a minute or two (we prepared the trailer) and then wait until we finish the movie.

Andrey Vasilyevich Bolshoy (Goryay) (1446-1493) - Uglich specific prince, 3rd son of Prince Vasily II Vasilyevich the Dark, brother of Grand Duke Ivan III. He received an inheritance (Uglich, Bezhetsky Verkh and Zvenigorod) after the death of his father in 1462. He fought against the unifying efforts of Ivan III and the strengthening of his grand ducal power. Together with the Prince's brother Boris Volotsky, in 1480 he entered into an alliance with the Polish King Casimir and reconciled with Ivan III at the cost of adding Mozhaisk to his inheritance (1480). In 1491 he refused to send his troops to the service of the Grand Duke, for which he was imprisoned, where he died.

Soviet historical encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 1. AALTONEN - AYANS. 1961.

Andrey Vasilievich Bolshoy Goryay (knee 18) From the family Moscow Grand Dukes . Son Vasily II Vasilyevich Dark and book. Maloyaroslavskaya Maria Yaroslavna. Genus. in Aug. 1446 Book. Uglitsky and Zvenigorodsky in 1462-1492

In 1479, Andrei and his brother Boris, unable to withstand the harassment of their elder brother Ivan III, decided to defend their rights with weapons in their hands. They started secret relations with the Novgorodians and Lithuania. At the beginning of 1480, having united their regiments, the brothers moved to Rzhev through the Tver region. The Grand Duke sent a boyar to them to persuade them not to start strife, but the brothers did not obey and went to Novgorod with a 20,000-strong army. Just at that time they were waiting for the invasion Akhmat with all the strength of the Horde. Ivan III found himself in a difficult and dangerous situation. He sent Bishop Vassian of Rostov to persuade the brothers. Tom managed to reconcile them, and the brothers sent the boyars to Moscow for negotiations. But, without waiting for their end, they moved to Luki and tied up here negotiations with Kazimir of Lithuania.

Casimir was in no hurry to help. Meanwhile, Ivan III offered Kaluga and Aleksin to Andrei for retreating from Boris. Andrew did not agree. Negotiations dragged on. The brothers went to Pskov to ask for help against the Grand Duke. Pskov refused. Then Andrei and Boris, angry, ordered to devastate the Pskov volost. Their people, according to the chronicler, fought all as infidels, plundered the churches, defiled their wives and girls, and did not leave a chicken in their houses. The people of Pskov, in order to get rid of the misfortune, paid the brothers 200 rubles. In the meantime, it became known that Khan Akhmat was coming to Moscow. Andrey and Boris perked up, sent a message to Ivan: "If you correct yourself, you will no longer oppress us, but you will hold us like brothers, then we will come to your aid." Ivan promised to fulfill all their demands, and the brothers came with an army to the Ugra, where the Russians held the defense against the Tatars. Andrei received Mozhaisk, that is, a significant part of the defrauded inheritance of his brother Yuri.

In 1484, Andrei's mother died, loving him more than all her sons and always protecting him in front of her elder brother. After that, Andrei was always in great fear, expecting some kind of trick from Ivan. In 1492, Ivan, having learned that his ally,. Crimean Khan Mengli-Girey, the Tatars are coming from the east, sent his regiments to him "to help and ordered the brothers to also send their governors. Boris sent his regiments along with the Grand Dukes, but Andrei did not send. It was in May, and in September Andrei arrived to Moscow and was received by his elder brother very honorably and affectionately. The next day the ambassador came to him with an invitation to dine with the Grand Duke. Andrei went immediately to strike with his forehead (that is, to thank) for the honor. Ivan received him in a room called a trap , sat with him, talked a little and went out into another room, a trap, ordering Andrei to wait, and his boyars to go to the dining room. But as soon as they entered there, everyone was captured and taken to different places. At the same time, into a trap to Andrei Prince Semyon Ryapolovsky entered with many others - princes and boyars, and, shedding tears, could hardly say to Andrei: “Sir Prince Andrei Vasilyevich! You were caught by God and the sovereign, Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich and All Russia, your elder brother." innocently. From the first hour of the day until the evening Andrey sat in the palace, then they brought him to the state yard and put guards from many princes and boyars. They did not touch their daughters. Despite the requests of the clergy, Ivan did not release his brother. Andrey died in prison.

Buried in Moscow, in the Archangel Cathedral.

All the monarchs of the world. Russia. 600 short biographies. Konstantin Ryzhov. Moscow, 1999.

ANDREI VASILIEVICH BOLSHOY (1446-1493), prince, son of Vasily the Dark. Upon the death of his father in 1462, he received Uglich, Zvenigorod and Bezhetsk. In 1472 Andrei and his brothers quarreled with the leader. prince because of the inheritance of Yuri Dmitrovsky, which he led. the prince took. Then the brothers quarreled again over the right of the younger princes to take in the boyars, who were driving away from the bikes. prince. Andrei then entered into relations with the Novgorodians and Kazimir of Lithuania. Vel. the prince made peace with Andrei, but not for long, and Andrei did not even send his regiments to help him. prince during his struggle with the Tatars. In 1492 Ivan III captured Andrei and put him in prison, where he died.

Used materials from the site Great Encyclopedia of the Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru

ANDREY VASILIEVICH BOLSHOY GRYAY - specific prince of Uglitsky, the 4th of the seven sons of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II Vasilyevich Dark from marriage with Borovsk princess Maria Yaroslavna. Genus. August 13, 1446 in Uglich. In 1460, "the great prince went to Novgorod the Great in peace, and with him his sons, Prince Yury and Prince Andrey Bolshi." After the death of his father (1462) he received in inheritance: Uglich, Bezhetsky Verkh, Zvenigorod "and many other authorities and villages." In 1469 he married Elena, the daughter of Prince Roman Andreevich of Mezetsk. In the winter of 1470/71, he participated with his regiment in the all-Russian campaign against Novgorod the Great. For the rest of his life, A.V.B.G. fought against his elder brother, Grand Duke Ivan III Vasilyevich the Great, and the strengthening of his power. In the last campaign against Novgorod, in the winter of 1477/78, A. V. B. G. commanded a regiment of his right hand. In 1480, together with his brother, Volotsk prince Boris Vasilyevich, he entered into allied relations with the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon and moved with his court to the Lithuanian border. He reconciled with Ivan III only at the cost of ceding Mozhaisk to the latter, since the Grand Duke then needed the help of his brothers in repulsing Khan Akhmat. In May 1491, he refused to send his army against the Tatars of the Great Horde, which Ivan III asked him to do, and therefore, in 1492, “on September 20, Prince Ivan Vasilyevich of All Russia was great, laying down the kiss of the cross to his brother Ondrey Vasilyevich for his treason. .. the prince commanded him to confiscate and imprison him in the government yard in Moscow, and after his children, after Prince Ivan, and after Prince Dmitry, sent him to Coal the same day ... and commanded them to confiscate and plant in Pereslavl. A. V. B. G. died in prison in 1493. He was buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. In addition to the mentioned sons Ivan and Dmitry, he had two more daughters: Evdokia, married to the specific Kurb prince Andrei Dmitrievich, and Ulyana, who married the specific Kuben prince Ivan Semenovich Bolshoi.

Read further:

Rurikovichi (biographical reference book).